Impurities in the crude lead, bismuth, silicon into the anode mud of electrolytic lead hydrofluoric acid. After the anode mud is reduced and smelted, the bismuth enters the precious lead together with gold and silver , is charged into a silver furnace, and is oxidized to form slag, and the ruthenium is recovered from the oxidized slag.
(1) The Trelle smelter in Canada recovers yttrium from lead anode mud, and the anode mixture is (%): Pb 20～25, Bi 2±, Sb 38～40, As 11～16, Cu 2±, Ag 11.5 ; Au 160 grams of tons.
The process flow is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Turel plant recycling process flow chart
The characteristic of this process is that the silver removal operation of the Pb-Bi alloy is placed before the electrolysis to facilitate the recovery of the precious metal silver.
(2) The composition of lead anode mud for lifting in Japan Shengang Smelter is (%): Pb 10～15, Bi 17～32, Sb 16～37, As 5～8, Cu 2.5～5, Ag 100～150 g / ton, Au 120 ~ 560 g / ton. The process is similar to that of the Terrell plant, except that the equipment used is different: after the anode mud is washed and dried, it is reduced and smelted in a 300 kVA Girod electric furnace to produce a high-yield product. The lead is oxidized in a 4 ton pot to remove arsenic and antimony , and then the chlorine is removed in the chlorination pot. The produced alloy is oxidized into the slag in a 4 ton converter for burning heavy oil, and the oxidized slag is in a 200 kV electric furnace. The reduction smelting, the crude product produced is cast into an anode, and electrolyzed by a silicic acid electrolyte to produce a high-purity glutinous rice.
The process flow is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Flow chart of recycling process in Shengang Plant
This process is tedious and complex, and its features are not outstanding. Probably adapted to the special circumstances of the plant.
(3) The San Gavino smelter in Italy recovers yttrium from lead anode mud. The composition of anode mud, oxidized slag and Pb-Bi alloy is listed in the following table. The fire process used is shown in Figure 3.
Table Anode mud, oxidation slag and alloy composition (%)
Figure 3 The process of lifting the smelting plant of Shengjiachenuo Smelter
This process is characterized by the concentrated extraction of lead-bismuth alloy for printing from Sb-Pb slag produced in reduction smelting, converter blowing and slag reduction smelting.
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