Very early on, the tyres were made of wood, iron and other materials. The first hollow wheel was invented by the British Robert Thompson in 1845. He proposed filling the elastic bladder with compressed air to ease the vibration and shock during movement. Although the tires at the time were made of leather and rubberized canvas, such tires have shown the advantage of low rolling resistance. According to this principle, John Dunlop made rubber hollow tires in 1888, and Thomas then manufactured rubber hollow tires with Valve switches. Unfortunately, because the inner layer has no canvas, it cannot maintain a certain cross-sectional shape and section width.
In 1895, with the advent of automobiles, pneumatic tires have been widely developed. The first samples of automobile tires appeared in France in 1895. This is a single-tube tire made of plain-woven canvas, although tread rubber has no pattern. It was not until 1908 to 1912 that the tyres had a significant change, namely that the tread rubber had patterns that improved the use of performance, thus opening up the history of tyre tread patterns and increasing the section width of the tyres, allowing the use of lower The internal pressure to ensure better cushioning performance.
In 1892 Bury Mill in the United Kingdom invented the curtain cloth and used it in production in 1910. This achievement improves the quality of tires, expands the variety of tires, and also allows the tires to be molded. With the improvement of tire quality requirements, the quality of the ply is also improved. The cotton ply fabric is replaced by rayon. In the late 1950s, rayon was replaced by nylon and polyester cords with better performance and higher heat resistance. With the development of radial tires, steel cords are highly competitive.
In 1904, Matt created a carbon black reinforced rubber, which was used on a large scale to reinforce the tread rubber after the tire had been used. Because before this, the canvas is damaged faster than the tread during the use of the tire. The amount of carbon black used in rubber compounds has increased rapidly. In the 1930s, the carbon black used in 100 raw rubbers was only about 20, and carbon black was mainly used on the treads. The carcass was not used and it has now reached 50. the above. Before the tread was mixed with carbon black, the tires were polished for only about 6,000 km; with the addition of carbon black, the mileage of the tires was quickly improved. Now a group of truck tires can travel about 100,000 km, on a good road, even up to 200,000 km.
From 1913 to 1926, the invention of the cord and carbon black tire technology laid the foundation for the development of the tire industry. The standardization of the outer edge of the tire, the gradual improvement of the manufacturing process, and the increase in the production speed are higher than before, and the tire output is increasing day by day.
With the development of the automotive industry, tire technology has been constantly improving and improving. For example, from the early 1920s to the mid 30s, car tires transitioned from low-pressure tires to ultra-low-pressure tires; in the 40s, tires gradually transitioned to wide rims; no tubeless tires appeared in the late 40s; and low-profile tires were introduced in the late 1950s. Many new technologies emerged in favor of the Meridian-initiated radial tires of France in 1948. This type of tire is praised as a revolution in the tire industry due to the significant increase in its service life and use performance, and in particular, fuel savings during driving.
The history of automobile tire production and development shows that the first 50 years are mainly to solve the problem of how to improve the service life of tires. In recent years, due to increasingly stringent requirements for tires in the automobile manufacturing and transportation sectors, the focus of tire research has shifted to tire performance, safety performance, comfort performance, and economic performance. In short, the overall trend of development of tires is "three-phase", namely, meridianization, no internalization, and low profile. At present, car tires have achieved this "threeizations," and truck tires are developing in this area.
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