Yuzhong County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Niu Jianhao
The technique of rain-cover cultivation of double-ridged full-film covering potato in dry land is based on the promotion of corn double-ridge full-membrane-covered rain-sweeping sowing technique, which was formed through improvement. After the double ridges were covered with a full membrane, a relatively large collection surface was formed in the field, which caused precipitation on the ridges to accumulate in the furrows. It was possible to collect heavy rain as heavy rain and gather invalid rain as effective water. Especially in drought conditions, the effect of preserving seedlings once in spring is very prominent, thus creating a relatively stable farmland ecological environment for the growth and development of potatoes, comprehensively coordinating the main factors affecting yield, so that the potato has a good growing environment. Increase production.
1. Technical advantages
First, the double ridge covers the entire ground film, fully receives all the rainfall during the growth of the potato, especially about 5mm of spring rainfall, collected through the membrane surface to the ditch, effectively solve the problem of sowing in the dry area due to severe drought impact, ensure that The potato normally emerges. The second is that the full-film coverage can maximize the preservation of the entire rainfall during the growth of the potato, reduce the ineffective evaporation of soil moisture, and ensure the water supply during the potato growth period. Thirdly, full-film coverage can increase ground temperature, increase the effective accumulated temperature, prolong the growth period of potatoes, and facilitate the production potential of mid-late and late-maturing varieties, with obvious effect of increasing yield. The fourth is less investment, every other 667m2 under the same conditions in other measures, compared to the conventional film cultivation more than 1.5~2.0kg of plastic film (conventional plastic film mulching cultivation 3.5 ~ 4.0kg/667m2), effective, investment in the year, then effective . Fifth, the technical operation is simple, large-scale agricultural machinery is not needed, farmers are easy to accept, and it is easy to promote in large areas.
2. Cultivation techniques
2.1 plot selection specifications row
Plots should be flat, fertile soil, thick soil terraces, dams, gentle slopes (below 15 degrees) dry land, the former is better with beans and wheat gargle. Use a wooden stick or a wooden strip to make a tracker and line the field specifications. The first large ridge and one small ridge were first drawn at a distance of 25cm from the ground, with 50m of small ridges, 70m of large ridges, and 120m of total ridge width.
2.2 Reasonable fertilization, ridging film
Firstly, a shallow ditch with a depth of about 10M should be drilled in the middle of the planned large ridges, and the applied fertilizers should be applied to the ridges of large ridges in accordance with the application amount determined for every 667m2. Generally, 667m2 of urea is applied to 30-40kg and superphosphate 40-50kg. Potassium sulfate 20 kg. Then use the step plough to back up the ridge along the scribe line, and then form a large ridge with a base width of 70cm and a ridge height of 15-20M by hand, and plowing the plow wall from the large ridge to the small ridge. Between the width of the ridge 50M, ridge height 10 ~ 15M small ridge. The width and width of the ridges are required to be uniform and the ridges are of the same height.
Lastly, it covers the entire ground with a film of 130-140M. The two films are in contact with each other in the middle of the small ridge. The top soil in the adjacent furrows is compacted, and the soil is pressed horizontally every 2m. About one week after the film is covered, the film stays tight. After ridges or after rainfall, holes are drilled every 50cm in the furrows so that the water in the furrows can seep into the soil in time. In order to ensure the safety of winter and spring, the filming time of ridging can be advanced, usually after the thawing in mid-March, or in the autumn of last year, but care should be taken to protect the mulch in the winter.
2.3 Soil treatment, pest control and weed control
The first is the prevention and control of underground pests: When the land is ridged, every 667m2 is treated with 40% methyl isoparopal EC 0.5 kg fine sand and 15 kg ground sand to make a poisonous soil. The second is weeding under the membrane: after ridging, the surface is evenly sprayed with 50% acetochlor and then covered with a plastic film. In areas with high soil moisture and high temperature, use 50-70g of this agent per 667m2 and water 30K. In the cold area, use 150-200g of this agent per 667m2, and water 40-50K. In order to improve the efficacy, do not cover the membrane after field spraying. Generally, spray two ridges, cover the mulch, spray two ridges, and so on.
2.4 Select good breed, knife disinfection
2.4.1 Select the varieties that are high in yield and strong in stress resistance, such as yam potato 3, yam potato 6, Xindaping, Zhuangshu No. 3, and Fangyibai.
2.4.2 Seeds in the sun will be leveled on the soil in the field, drying 2 to 3 days, bogey on the cement floor, remove the sick, rotten, hurt the potatoes during the drying season, in order to reduce the lack of seedlings in the field to ensure that the whole seedlings for the high yield Lay the foundation.
2.4.3 Cutting knife Disinfection Seed cuttings should not be too small. The weight of the cuttings should not be less than 30g, and each piece should have 2 or more buds. If diseased potatoes or rotten potatoes are found during cutting, throw them away immediately and disinfect the cutting knife to prevent the knife from infecting pathogens. Generally, two cutters are prepared. Disinfection can be performed with potassium permanganate solution, 5% sura solution, 75% alcohol, fire or boiling water, and one of them can be selected according to the conditions of the farmers.
2.5 Timely sowing and reasonable close planting
2.5.1 The sowing time is generally mid-to-late April. The planting density of perforated vending machines is controlled according to regional conditions. The high-fertility Sichuan terraces and terraced fields have a plant spacing of 25-30M, 3500-4000 strains per 667m2, and fertility. The lower dry slopes can be appropriately relaxed to 32-37 M, and 3000- 3500 seedlings per 667 m2.
2.5.2 Seeding method First open the first sowing hole with the on-demand device, raise the soil, spot the hole, cover the original soil, and so on. This sowing, the damage to the film is less, the film surface is clean and there is no floating soil, and the same depth of sowing, uniform and neat seedlings, improve work efficiency.
2.6 Strengthening Management and Preventing Pests
2.6.1 Seedling during seedling management Pay attention to the observation during seedling emergence. If seedlings and seeding holes are misaligned, seedlings should be planted in time to prevent seedlings from sprouting. After sowing, they will encounter precipitation and form compactions on the seeding holes. The knots should be broken in time to facilitate Seedlings; check seedlings after emergence, make up seedlings and pull out diseased seedlings.
2.6.2 Before the management of mulching and rooting at the hair growth, flowering period and tuber stage, apply urea 10kg or ammonium bicarbonate 30kg according to the growing trend of 667m2. Top dressing depends on the public sentiment. When it is dry, it will not be pursued or chased. It will be better if there is enough rain and adequate amount of rain. At the same time, according to the occurrence of underground pests, combined with fertilization, mix 5% methylisotriphos 1kg for prevention and treatment.
2.6.3 Buds are removed in time to save nutrients and tuber enlargement. Potatoes are sensitive to trace elements of boron and zinc. During flowering and tuber growing, every 667m2 is sprayed with 0.1-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea aqueous solution, usually every 7 days. Spray once a day, spray a total of 2 to 3 times, 667m2 solution 50 ~ 70kg.
2.6.4 Potato Phase During this period, if the temperature is relatively high and the potato growth is weak, when the ridges cannot be closed, the soil can be covered with mulching film to reduce the temperature in the ridges, creating a cool soil environment for tuber enlargement to facilitate tuber enlargement.
2.6.5 Disease and Insect Pest Control The main disease of potato is late blight disease. It occurs severely before and after rainfall and plant florescence. It should be sprayed with 25% of trematox mold or metalaxyl 800 times as early as possible, or 40% of phytophthoraine 200 times. Liquid, or 50% thiophanate WP 500 times, sprayed every 7 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times. The main insect pests are locusts, cockroaches, floating dust, large and small tigers, and 28 ladybugs. Aphids are the major mediators of virus transmission and must be controlled. In the initial stage, 2.5% of deltamethrin is used to spray water 2500 times, or 40% of omethoate is used 1000 times to 2000 times to control. The effect is better. Scorpion and other 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 500g water spray dissolved in 35kg fine soil sprinkled in the ditch. In the early stage of viral disease, 1.5% of Blight Emulsion is used as a 1000-fold solution, 20% of virus A WP 500 times, or 1.5% of Shiyiling II Emulsion 1000 times.
2.7. timely harvesting, removal of waste film
Appropriate harvesting period is determined according to the ripeness of the variety, and the soil is cleared and removed in time after harvest.
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