Pesticides are important production materials for “agriculture, rural areas and farmers†and are mainly used for the control and control of pests such as crops, fruit trees, pastures, weeds, and weeds, as well as the regulation of the growth and development of crops to ensure their normal and safe growth and maturation. Harvesting results in an ideal harvest and economic benefits for humans and meets the growing needs of people for farming, forestry, and grazing products. Second, it is also used to kill and control mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches and other non-agricultural pests that endanger humans and livestock. Health and health pests and their germs, so that people and livestock are calm, stable life, and healthy growth. . However, it brings harm to people while also causing harm. For example: endangering human and animal health causing poisoning deaths; mass destruction of natural enemies and other beneficial organisms, destroying the ecological “food chain†and disrupting ecological balance; polluting the atmosphere, poisoning soils and waters, causing natural loss and harmony, resulting in “secondary poisoningâ€. Vicious circle.
These hazards are understood by people and we can classify them as "dominant hazards" or "exposed hazards." There is also a category of hazards, which are not exposed or displayed in a relatively short period of time. Some will take longer to become noticeable and experienced by people. For example, methosulfuron, chlorfloxacin, and other herbicides affect the normal germination, growth, tillering, maturation, and yield reduction of harvested crops, and the production of organic chlorine such as DDT, 666 and some organophosphorus pesticides. Accumulation of a certain amount and degree of accumulation will cause chronic poisoning to humans, animals and other animals, leading to "triple causes" - carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic; abuse of pesticides will cause pests and bacteria to become resistant to insecticides, leading to pest control and disease prevention. Loss of effect, resulting in huge economic losses, and the formation of certain pests, etc. These temporary invisible hazards, we call it "hidden harm" or "potential harm." Residues of pesticides on agricultural products and food are also a "recessive hazard." Pesticide residues not only pollute the atmosphere, soil and water areas, poison and harm the natural environment, but also directly remain in various parts of the crops, contaminate agricultural products and various foods made from them, affect the quality of agricultural products and food, and make them become “toxicâ€. The agricultural products and contaminated unsanitary "food and vegetable residues" of non-staple foods and staple foods directly endanger people's health, trigger social panic and even turmoil, and become factors of social instability and disharmony.
Pesticide residues in agricultural products and foods also affect the export trade, resulting in a decline in the trade economy. After China's accession to the WTO, the import and export trade has greatly increased. Exports of agricultural products even reached the fifth in the world in 2004. However, the maximum residue limits of pesticides for agricultural products and foods in developed countries are very strict, especially in Japan, the United States, and Europe, which are extremely harsh on pesticide residue standards.
Japan has implemented the "Affirmative List System for Food Residue Agricultural Chemicals" since May 29, 2006. The EU will also implement the forthcoming "Registration, Evaluation, Licensing, and Restriction System for Chemicals" from April 1, 2007 (referred to as "REACH" Regulations. These are two typical and targeted trade protection laws, and they are also two killing swords and two "devil gates." Japan's "positive list" will originally only affect 25 types of agriculture. In chemicals, 932 kinds of agricultural products and foods have been established with 9321 limit standards, which have been increased to 796 chemicals, 30 kinds of agricultural products, and 53,862 limited standards. That is to say, every item of agricultural products that Japan imports from China needs to be tested. One test item: 579 rice, 276 tea leaves, 428 pork, one cabbage to test 20 items, and the largest one to test 50 items before passing the customs clearance. The agricultural products and foods set up a so-called “standard†value of 0.0lm No. 9. That is to say, 1000t of agricultural products or foods cannot have more than 1g of drug residues. These standards are too strict. Even in developed countries, there is no second country in the world that has such a tedious “rural to residual ratio.†Thus, pesticide residues have become a technical “green†barrier to the international trade of agricultural products, often causing economic and trade disputes. The export of agricultural products and foods was blocked by the importing countries outside the country with pesticide residues exceeding the standard, which not only caused economic losses, but also affected the country’s image and national dignity, and also led to the weakening or decline of agricultural product export competitiveness. As a result, the country’s diplomatic relations are not harmonious, uncoordinated, or even indiscriminate, so a technical pesticide residue problem is not just an economic issue, it is also a diplomatic issue and a political issue.
It can be seen from the above that the pesticide residue has great harm, and it has a certain degree of influence on human health, the country’s economy, and even the country’s foreign policy. To solve the problem of pesticide residues, we must eliminate pesticide residue contamination from the root cause. China has formulated and issued seven batches of "National Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides". The guidelines set out in detail the use of various pesticides in different crops on the use of time, use methods, the number of uses, safety intervals and other technical indicators. The rational use of pesticides can not only effectively control pests and weeds, but also reduce the use of pesticides and reduce waste. The most important thing is to avoid excessive pesticide residues. The relevant departments should continue to strengthen the formulation of the Guidelines for the Fair Use of Pesticides, and at the same time step up publicity and strengthen technical guidance so that the Guidelines for the Fair Use of Pesticides can really play its due role. The users of pesticides should actively study, establish a citizen's moral values, and use pesticides scientifically and rationally.
At the same time, the comprehensive and systematic monitoring of pesticide residues can promptly grasp the status and laws of pesticide residues in agricultural products, find the cause of the formation of pesticide residues, provide timely and effective data for government departments, and formulate corresponding rules and regulations and laws and regulations for government departments. Provide evidence. Strengthening the implementation of relevant laws and regulations such as "Pesticide Management Rules", "Principles for the Rational Use of Pesticides", "Pesticide Residue Limits in Food", and strengthening penalties for violations of relevant laws and regulations are powerful safeguards against excessive pesticide residue.
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