1. Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline Curves and Surfaces (NURBS) Interpolation This technique uses interpolation along the curve rather than a series of short straight lines to fit the curve. The application of this technology has become quite common. Many CAM software currently used in the mold industry provide an option to generate part programs in NURBS interpolation format. At the same time, the powerful CNC also provides five-axis interpolation functions and related features. These properties improve the quality of surface finishing, improve the smoothness of motor operation, increase the cutting speed, and make the part machining program smaller.
2. Smaller command units Most CNC systems transmit motion and positioning commands to the machine tool spindle in units of not less than 1 micron. After making full use of the CPU processing power to improve this advantage, some CNC systems can even reach a minimum command unit of 1 nanometer (0.000001 mm). After the command unit is reduced by 1000 times, higher machining accuracy can be obtained and the motor can run more smoothly. The smooth operation of the motor allows some machines to operate at higher accelerations without increasing the vibration of the bed.
3. Bell curve acceleration/deceleration is also referred to as S-curve acceleration/deceleration, or creep control. Compared with the linear acceleration method, this method allows the machine to achieve better acceleration. Compared with other acceleration methods, it also includes linear and exponential methods, using the bell curve method to obtain smaller positioning errors.
4. The technique of monitoring the trajectory to be machined has been widely used. The technology has many performance differences, which make it possible to distinguish the working mode in the low-grade control system from the working mode in the high-grade control system. In general, the CNC performs the preprocessing of the program through the monitoring of the machining trajectory to ensure better acceleration/deceleration control. Depending on the performance of the different CNCs, the number of blocks required for the trajectory monitoring to be processed varies from two to more than 100, depending on the shortest machining time of the part program and the time constant of acceleration/deceleration. In general, at least fifteen trajectory monitoring blocks to be machined are required to meet the machining requirements.
5. Digital Servo Control The development of digital servo systems has been so rapid that most machine tool builders have chosen this system as a servo control system for the machine tool. With this system, the CNC can control the servo system more timely, and the CNC's control of the machine has become more accurate.
The role of the digital servo system is as follows:
1) The sampling rate of the current loop will be increased and the current loop control will be improved, thereby reducing the motor temperature rise. This will not only extend the life of the motor, but also reduce the amount of heat transferred to the ball screw, thereby improving the accuracy of the screw. In addition, the faster sampling speed can also increase the gain of the speed loop, which will help improve the overall performance of the machine.
2) Since many new CNCs use high-speed trains connected to servo loops, CNCs can obtain more information on the operation of motors and drives through the communication link. This improves the machine's maintenance performance.
3) Continuous position feedback allows high-precision machining at high feed rates. The accelerating speed of the CNC makes the rate of position feedback a bottleneck that restricts the speed of the machine. In the conventional feedback method, as the sampling speed of the external encoder of the CNC and the electronic device changes, the feedback speed is restricted by the signal type. With serial feedback, this issue will be well resolved. Even if the machine is running at a very high speed, precise feedback accuracy can be achieved.
6. Linear motors In recent years, the performance and popularity of linear motors have been significantly improved, so many machining centers use this device. To date, Fanuc has installed at least 1,000 linear motors. Some of GE Fanuc's advanced technologies make the machine's linear motors have a maximum output of 15,500N and a maximum acceleration of 30g. The application of other advanced technologies has reduced the size of the machine tool, reduced the weight, and greatly improved the cooling efficiency. All of these technological advances have made linear motors more advantageous when compared to rotating machines: higher acceleration/deceleration rates; more accurate positioning control, higher stiffness; higher reliability; internal dynamics move. > Features of CNC Controller
1, multi-coordinate, multi-system control
For example, FANUC's latest high-end controller 11S30i-MODEL A system, the maximum number of control systems is 10 systems (channels), the maximum number of axes and the maximum number of spindle configuration is 40 axes, of which the feed axis is 32 axes, the spindle is 8 axes, the largest At the same time, the number of axes controlled is 24 axes/system. The maximum PMC system is 3 systems. The maximum number of I/O points is 4096 points/4096 points, and the PMC basic command speed is 25ns. The maximum predictable program segment: 1000 segments. This is the highest CNC system in the world. Due to the multi-axis multi-system configuration, it is particularly suitable for large automatic machine tools, compound machine tools, and multi-head machine tools.
2, high precision, high-speed processing
This is the most important function of the CNC system. Thanks to this function, the manufacturing technology (MT) is greatly advanced. CNC machine tools use computer control to ensure that processed parts have a high degree of repeatability. However, in order to obtain a certain function, the signal input to the controller undergoes a series of processing, which inevitably requires distortion and delay. Therefore, in high-speed machining, to maintain high machining accuracy, we must take certain measures to reduce distortion and delay. High-precision, high-speed machining, in addition to mechanical design and manufacturing to ensure that the goal can be achieved, the requirements of the CNC system are mainly processing speed, high precision control. Feedforward control is used to compensate for the errors caused by servo lag and improve machining accuracy. Appropriate control of the feed rate and the use of appropriate acceleration and deceleration curves can reduce the error caused by the acceleration and deceleration lag. The "Forward-looking" control calculates, processes and buffers the motion data before the program is executed, thereby controlling the tool to move at a high speed with little error. For the high-precision contour control of smooth running of the machine tool, real-time recognition of the command form can be used to optimally control the speed, acceleration, and jerk so that the machining is always kept in the best condition. In order to prevent disturbances, digital filter technology was developed to eliminate the mechanical resonance and increase the positional gain of the servo system. High-precision feed and spindle servo systems are important for high speed, high precision and high efficiency. At present, its performance is mainly improved from the following aspects. Reducing the size of the motor and driver and the control unit and increasing the resolution of the encoder; The linear movement axis can be driven by a linear servo motor; Reduce the mechanical transmission chain, Improve the rigidity, Improve the accuracy. When the spindle motor uses a synchronous motor, it is very suitable for the gear machine system. The gear machine sometimes needs a very low spindle speed, but the accuracy is high. For example, the FANUC servo motor has a small design size and uses high-gain control. The servo motor is a cogging-free motor with an encoder with 1. 6xlo' pulse/rotation resolution. Servo control using AC digital servo control, with a very high current detection accuracy, using the appropriate hardware, can produce the so-called "nano control", that is, when the system detection resolution is 1 ridge m, the interpolation resolution can reach 1nm; The calculation error inside the CNC is minimized, and each internal calculation is in nanometers or smaller units, which greatly improves the quality of processing. For the control of linear motors, digital filters are designed to avoid the multi-resonance characteristics of direct-drive machines. In combination with these functions, the movement of the machine tool can be performed exactly in accordance with the instructions. For the processing of molds with freeform surfaces, streaks may appear between program segments. To solve this problem, FANUC developed the "nano-smoothing" function, rounding tolerances of CNC commands, and evaluating the original curve in units of "nano", and It performs NURBS interpolation. These properties meet the requirements of "high-speed, high-precision" and "low-speed, high-precision" machine tools.
3, shaft machining and complex machining functions
Because the 5-axis machining process is reasonable, it can make full use of the tool's optimal geometry for cutting in 3D surface machining. In high-speed and high-precision machining of complex shapes, the efficiency can be improved and the finish can be improved. Therefore, it has become more and more widely used. The 5-axis machine configuration includes tool rotation, table rotation, and a mixture of the two. Therefore, the 5-axis machining function must meet the requirements of various configurations. According to the characteristics of 5-axis machining, they are applied to different 5-axis machining machines with different mechanical configurations such as TCP (tool center control) and tool radius compensation.
4, CNC multi-function
In order to increase productivity, the development and manufacture of CNC compound machine tools has become a trend in the development of CNC machine tools. A compound machine tool refers to a process that can perform multiple processes on the same machine. For example, a machine tool can be used for machining, milling, hammer machining, etc. For example, a cylindrical body is to be turned on a cylindrical surface, a hammer L, It is also required to mill the groove on the cylindrical surface. All these machining operations are required to be performed on the same CNC machine tool. This will greatly increase productivity. Therefore, for NC compound machine tools, one hundred need to increase the control system that can be used to perform compound machining functions. For example, the milling machine needs to increase the spiral taper function, the spiral function, the 3D arc function, the tool center point control, etc. The compensation function also requires both the machining and milling functions. In addition, this type of machine often requires high-speed machining. In order to centrally monitor and manage multiple machines through the PC or the control system itself, the system needs to communicate over the network. In order to pass the program, monitor the processing status. In addition, the network function can also transmit maintenance data, remote control, operation and diagnosis of the system; transfer of CAD/CAM data. With its field communication network capabilities, the CNC can transfer control, monitoring and diagnostics data between the CNC and the servo, CNC and I/O control. At present, Ethernet and fieldbus are mainly used. With the development of technology, application wireless technology has also emerged. Wireless technology can make information reach almost anywhere.
6, high reliability and security features
The CNC system, together with CNC machine tools, works on the ground floor workshop and withstands harsh environments such as: temperature, humidity, vibration, oil mist, dust, and continuous operation; therefore, the reliability requirements are particularly high, except for reliability design. In addition to the manufacturing process and other measures, the reliability of modern CNC systems mainly takes the following measures: 1 Use of optical fibers, reducing cable connections, such as FANUC's numerical control system connects CNC and servo amplifiers through optical fibers, from serial to high speed from CNC to multiple The servo amplifier delivers a lot of data. 2 Data is transmitted using ECC (EnorCorrecting CODe). As software processes a large amount of data at high speeds, the processing speeds of microprocessors, memories, and LSIs are required to be greatly increased. Because these high-speed electronic components mounted on the printed circuit board of CNC process high-speed reading, writing and transmission of data, the signal waveform driven by the IC becomes a hysteresis. Under such circumstances, when analog circuit processing methods are not used, Digital signals cannot be transmitted correctly. In addition, the low noise operation range of the circuit is reduced when the latest electronic components are supplied with low voltage. For this reason, the CNC circuit will adopt more advanced error correction code transmission data. ECC is a leading high-reliability technology that makes the system more reliable by adding ECC to data to transmit various types of data. 2 Adopt Dual Check Say measures. "Double-check safety" is consistent with the European safety standard (EN954-1). Its principle is to embed multiple processors in the CNC to redundantly monitor the servo motor and the spindle motor as well as the safety-related I/O signals and use an emergency stop and associated I/O circuits to safely operate and stop the system. >Opening of CNC Controller
When the NC machine tool appears, the manufacturer hopes to open the black box of the NC system. It partially or completely replaces the mind of the machine designer and operator. It has certain intelligence and can put special processing technology, management experience and operation skills. Into the NC system, but also hope it has graphics interactive, diagnostics and other functions. This requires a commercial CNC system with a friendly human-machine interface and a development platform for users. The NC controller is required to be transparent so that machine tool builders and end users can freely implement their own ideas. As a result, an open-structured numerical control system was created.
The "Open Systems Technical Committee" of IEEE defines "Open Architecture" as: "An application executed by an open system can run on different manufacturers' different platforms; and it can be interoperable with applications of other systems and present user interaction coordination. (1EEElo03. 0).†The following performance indicators can also be used to evaluate the openness of the controller. For example, the application module is AM: 1 Portability: While maintaining the functionality of the application module (AM), it can be applied to different platforms without any changes. 2 Extensibility: Different AMs can run on one platform without conflicts. 3 Interoperability: AMs work together to work together and can exchange data according to definitions. 4 Scalability: According to the needs of users, AM's functionality, performance, and hardware scale can be scaled.
The open-architecture controller (oAC) enables controller vendors, machine tool manufacturers, and end-users to gain greater benefits from flexible and agile production. Its main goal is to use an open interface in a standardized environment to make it easy to operate, reduce costs and increase flexibility. This system capability is widely accepted. The software can be reused and users can design their controllers according to a given configuration.
The open architecture of the control system is a highly complex system because it takes into account strict real-time and reliability requirements. Its characteristic is based on PC, the key structure that links each other is system component and interface, the system component is made up of software module and hardware module. In an open system, various components and interfaces can also realize the added intelligence in the manufacturing process. For the complexity of control, the hardware and software of these systems are the basic tools. Control interfaces can be divided into two groups: internal and external interfaces. 1 External interface: These interfaces connect the system and monitoring unit with subunits and users. They can be divided into programming interfaces and communication interfaces. The NC and PI'C programming interfaces use national or international standards, such as RS-274, DIN-66025, or IEC61-131-3. Communication interfaces are also strongly influenced by standards. Fieldbus systems such as SERCOS, P rib us or Device Net are used as interfaces for the drive and I/O. I, AN (Local Area Network) The network is mainly based on the interface between Ethernet and TCP/IP and the monitoring system. 2Internal interface: Used for the interaction between components and data exchange to form the core of the control system. In this respect, an important performance is support for real-time institutions. In order to obtain reconfigurable and white adaptive control, the internal structure of the control system is based on the concept of a platform. Since the details of the dedicated hardware cannot be known in the software component, the main goal is to establish a definable but flexible communication method between the software components. The application programming interface (API) guarantees these needs. The full functionality of the control system is divided into several packages. Modular software components interact with each other through defined APIs.
According to the 1999 American Robotics Industry Forum, the entire installed system of robots in the United States was 3-5 times the value of the robots itself. That is, if there is a market for lo billions of robots, it is equivalent to an additional value of US$ 2 to 4 billion. Of these, 25% are due to software integration reasons, and we believe that if we adopt open-architecture controllers to reduce them by 50% through standardized development and application; then after adopting open controllers, the potential value can be Save $250 to $500 million.
At present, there are three main forms of open CNC system architecture: 1 Based on the PC's CNC system, this system uses the PC as a platform to develop various functions of the CNC system, and transmits data via a servo card to control the movement of the axis motor. This type of system is sometimes referred to as Soft NC. Such a system is easy to open up in all directions. 2PC Embedded: The basic structure of this system is: CNC Ten PC motherboard, that is, inserting a CNC board into a traditional PC machine. The CNC mainly runs the real-time control based on the axis motion, or the CNC runs as a CNC function. The PC board serves as the user's human interface platform. 3PC CNC: At present, the mainstream NC system manufacturer believes that the most important performance of the NC system is reliability. For example, PC machine crashes are not allowed. The system function is still the first to pursue high-precision and high-speed processing. In addition, these manufacturers have long produced a large number of NC systems; changes in the architecture will have a negative impact on the maintenance services and reliability of their original systems. Therefore, the open structure is not used as the main product, and the original structure of the NC system is still mass produced. In order to increase the openness, manufacturers of mainstream NC systems often add a PC board without changing the basic structure of the original system. Providing a keyboard enables users to associate the PC with the CNC, which greatly improves the functionality of the human-machine interface. Such as the FANUC 150i/160i/180i/210j systems. Some manufacturers also call this device a fusion system. Because it works reliably and the interface is open, it is increasingly welcomed by machine tool manufacturers.
2. Smaller command units Most CNC systems transmit motion and positioning commands to the machine tool spindle in units of not less than 1 micron. After making full use of the CPU processing power to improve this advantage, some CNC systems can even reach a minimum command unit of 1 nanometer (0.000001 mm). After the command unit is reduced by 1000 times, higher machining accuracy can be obtained and the motor can run more smoothly. The smooth operation of the motor allows some machines to operate at higher accelerations without increasing the vibration of the bed.
3. Bell curve acceleration/deceleration is also referred to as S-curve acceleration/deceleration, or creep control. Compared with the linear acceleration method, this method allows the machine to achieve better acceleration. Compared with other acceleration methods, it also includes linear and exponential methods, using the bell curve method to obtain smaller positioning errors.
4. The technique of monitoring the trajectory to be machined has been widely used. The technology has many performance differences, which make it possible to distinguish the working mode in the low-grade control system from the working mode in the high-grade control system. In general, the CNC performs the preprocessing of the program through the monitoring of the machining trajectory to ensure better acceleration/deceleration control. Depending on the performance of the different CNCs, the number of blocks required for the trajectory monitoring to be processed varies from two to more than 100, depending on the shortest machining time of the part program and the time constant of acceleration/deceleration. In general, at least fifteen trajectory monitoring blocks to be machined are required to meet the machining requirements.
5. Digital Servo Control The development of digital servo systems has been so rapid that most machine tool builders have chosen this system as a servo control system for the machine tool. With this system, the CNC can control the servo system more timely, and the CNC's control of the machine has become more accurate.
The role of the digital servo system is as follows:
1) The sampling rate of the current loop will be increased and the current loop control will be improved, thereby reducing the motor temperature rise. This will not only extend the life of the motor, but also reduce the amount of heat transferred to the ball screw, thereby improving the accuracy of the screw. In addition, the faster sampling speed can also increase the gain of the speed loop, which will help improve the overall performance of the machine.
2) Since many new CNCs use high-speed trains connected to servo loops, CNCs can obtain more information on the operation of motors and drives through the communication link. This improves the machine's maintenance performance.
3) Continuous position feedback allows high-precision machining at high feed rates. The accelerating speed of the CNC makes the rate of position feedback a bottleneck that restricts the speed of the machine. In the conventional feedback method, as the sampling speed of the external encoder of the CNC and the electronic device changes, the feedback speed is restricted by the signal type. With serial feedback, this issue will be well resolved. Even if the machine is running at a very high speed, precise feedback accuracy can be achieved.
6. Linear motors In recent years, the performance and popularity of linear motors have been significantly improved, so many machining centers use this device. To date, Fanuc has installed at least 1,000 linear motors. Some of GE Fanuc's advanced technologies make the machine's linear motors have a maximum output of 15,500N and a maximum acceleration of 30g. The application of other advanced technologies has reduced the size of the machine tool, reduced the weight, and greatly improved the cooling efficiency. All of these technological advances have made linear motors more advantageous when compared to rotating machines: higher acceleration/deceleration rates; more accurate positioning control, higher stiffness; higher reliability; internal dynamics move. > Features of CNC Controller
1, multi-coordinate, multi-system control
For example, FANUC's latest high-end controller 11S30i-MODEL A system, the maximum number of control systems is 10 systems (channels), the maximum number of axes and the maximum number of spindle configuration is 40 axes, of which the feed axis is 32 axes, the spindle is 8 axes, the largest At the same time, the number of axes controlled is 24 axes/system. The maximum PMC system is 3 systems. The maximum number of I/O points is 4096 points/4096 points, and the PMC basic command speed is 25ns. The maximum predictable program segment: 1000 segments. This is the highest CNC system in the world. Due to the multi-axis multi-system configuration, it is particularly suitable for large automatic machine tools, compound machine tools, and multi-head machine tools.
2, high precision, high-speed processing
This is the most important function of the CNC system. Thanks to this function, the manufacturing technology (MT) is greatly advanced. CNC machine tools use computer control to ensure that processed parts have a high degree of repeatability. However, in order to obtain a certain function, the signal input to the controller undergoes a series of processing, which inevitably requires distortion and delay. Therefore, in high-speed machining, to maintain high machining accuracy, we must take certain measures to reduce distortion and delay. High-precision, high-speed machining, in addition to mechanical design and manufacturing to ensure that the goal can be achieved, the requirements of the CNC system are mainly processing speed, high precision control. Feedforward control is used to compensate for the errors caused by servo lag and improve machining accuracy. Appropriate control of the feed rate and the use of appropriate acceleration and deceleration curves can reduce the error caused by the acceleration and deceleration lag. The "Forward-looking" control calculates, processes and buffers the motion data before the program is executed, thereby controlling the tool to move at a high speed with little error. For the high-precision contour control of smooth running of the machine tool, real-time recognition of the command form can be used to optimally control the speed, acceleration, and jerk so that the machining is always kept in the best condition. In order to prevent disturbances, digital filter technology was developed to eliminate the mechanical resonance and increase the positional gain of the servo system. High-precision feed and spindle servo systems are important for high speed, high precision and high efficiency. At present, its performance is mainly improved from the following aspects. Reducing the size of the motor and driver and the control unit and increasing the resolution of the encoder; The linear movement axis can be driven by a linear servo motor; Reduce the mechanical transmission chain, Improve the rigidity, Improve the accuracy. When the spindle motor uses a synchronous motor, it is very suitable for the gear machine system. The gear machine sometimes needs a very low spindle speed, but the accuracy is high. For example, the FANUC servo motor has a small design size and uses high-gain control. The servo motor is a cogging-free motor with an encoder with 1. 6xlo' pulse/rotation resolution. Servo control using AC digital servo control, with a very high current detection accuracy, using the appropriate hardware, can produce the so-called "nano control", that is, when the system detection resolution is 1 ridge m, the interpolation resolution can reach 1nm; The calculation error inside the CNC is minimized, and each internal calculation is in nanometers or smaller units, which greatly improves the quality of processing. For the control of linear motors, digital filters are designed to avoid the multi-resonance characteristics of direct-drive machines. In combination with these functions, the movement of the machine tool can be performed exactly in accordance with the instructions. For the processing of molds with freeform surfaces, streaks may appear between program segments. To solve this problem, FANUC developed the "nano-smoothing" function, rounding tolerances of CNC commands, and evaluating the original curve in units of "nano", and It performs NURBS interpolation. These properties meet the requirements of "high-speed, high-precision" and "low-speed, high-precision" machine tools.
3, shaft machining and complex machining functions
Because the 5-axis machining process is reasonable, it can make full use of the tool's optimal geometry for cutting in 3D surface machining. In high-speed and high-precision machining of complex shapes, the efficiency can be improved and the finish can be improved. Therefore, it has become more and more widely used. The 5-axis machine configuration includes tool rotation, table rotation, and a mixture of the two. Therefore, the 5-axis machining function must meet the requirements of various configurations. According to the characteristics of 5-axis machining, they are applied to different 5-axis machining machines with different mechanical configurations such as TCP (tool center control) and tool radius compensation.
4, CNC multi-function
In order to increase productivity, the development and manufacture of CNC compound machine tools has become a trend in the development of CNC machine tools. A compound machine tool refers to a process that can perform multiple processes on the same machine. For example, a machine tool can be used for machining, milling, hammer machining, etc. For example, a cylindrical body is to be turned on a cylindrical surface, a hammer L, It is also required to mill the groove on the cylindrical surface. All these machining operations are required to be performed on the same CNC machine tool. This will greatly increase productivity. Therefore, for NC compound machine tools, one hundred need to increase the control system that can be used to perform compound machining functions. For example, the milling machine needs to increase the spiral taper function, the spiral function, the 3D arc function, the tool center point control, etc. The compensation function also requires both the machining and milling functions. In addition, this type of machine often requires high-speed machining. In order to centrally monitor and manage multiple machines through the PC or the control system itself, the system needs to communicate over the network. In order to pass the program, monitor the processing status. In addition, the network function can also transmit maintenance data, remote control, operation and diagnosis of the system; transfer of CAD/CAM data. With its field communication network capabilities, the CNC can transfer control, monitoring and diagnostics data between the CNC and the servo, CNC and I/O control. At present, Ethernet and fieldbus are mainly used. With the development of technology, application wireless technology has also emerged. Wireless technology can make information reach almost anywhere.
6, high reliability and security features
The CNC system, together with CNC machine tools, works on the ground floor workshop and withstands harsh environments such as: temperature, humidity, vibration, oil mist, dust, and continuous operation; therefore, the reliability requirements are particularly high, except for reliability design. In addition to the manufacturing process and other measures, the reliability of modern CNC systems mainly takes the following measures: 1 Use of optical fibers, reducing cable connections, such as FANUC's numerical control system connects CNC and servo amplifiers through optical fibers, from serial to high speed from CNC to multiple The servo amplifier delivers a lot of data. 2 Data is transmitted using ECC (EnorCorrecting CODe). As software processes a large amount of data at high speeds, the processing speeds of microprocessors, memories, and LSIs are required to be greatly increased. Because these high-speed electronic components mounted on the printed circuit board of CNC process high-speed reading, writing and transmission of data, the signal waveform driven by the IC becomes a hysteresis. Under such circumstances, when analog circuit processing methods are not used, Digital signals cannot be transmitted correctly. In addition, the low noise operation range of the circuit is reduced when the latest electronic components are supplied with low voltage. For this reason, the CNC circuit will adopt more advanced error correction code transmission data. ECC is a leading high-reliability technology that makes the system more reliable by adding ECC to data to transmit various types of data. 2 Adopt Dual Check Say measures. "Double-check safety" is consistent with the European safety standard (EN954-1). Its principle is to embed multiple processors in the CNC to redundantly monitor the servo motor and the spindle motor as well as the safety-related I/O signals and use an emergency stop and associated I/O circuits to safely operate and stop the system. >Opening of CNC Controller
When the NC machine tool appears, the manufacturer hopes to open the black box of the NC system. It partially or completely replaces the mind of the machine designer and operator. It has certain intelligence and can put special processing technology, management experience and operation skills. Into the NC system, but also hope it has graphics interactive, diagnostics and other functions. This requires a commercial CNC system with a friendly human-machine interface and a development platform for users. The NC controller is required to be transparent so that machine tool builders and end users can freely implement their own ideas. As a result, an open-structured numerical control system was created.
The "Open Systems Technical Committee" of IEEE defines "Open Architecture" as: "An application executed by an open system can run on different manufacturers' different platforms; and it can be interoperable with applications of other systems and present user interaction coordination. (1EEElo03. 0).†The following performance indicators can also be used to evaluate the openness of the controller. For example, the application module is AM: 1 Portability: While maintaining the functionality of the application module (AM), it can be applied to different platforms without any changes. 2 Extensibility: Different AMs can run on one platform without conflicts. 3 Interoperability: AMs work together to work together and can exchange data according to definitions. 4 Scalability: According to the needs of users, AM's functionality, performance, and hardware scale can be scaled.
The open-architecture controller (oAC) enables controller vendors, machine tool manufacturers, and end-users to gain greater benefits from flexible and agile production. Its main goal is to use an open interface in a standardized environment to make it easy to operate, reduce costs and increase flexibility. This system capability is widely accepted. The software can be reused and users can design their controllers according to a given configuration.
The open architecture of the control system is a highly complex system because it takes into account strict real-time and reliability requirements. Its characteristic is based on PC, the key structure that links each other is system component and interface, the system component is made up of software module and hardware module. In an open system, various components and interfaces can also realize the added intelligence in the manufacturing process. For the complexity of control, the hardware and software of these systems are the basic tools. Control interfaces can be divided into two groups: internal and external interfaces. 1 External interface: These interfaces connect the system and monitoring unit with subunits and users. They can be divided into programming interfaces and communication interfaces. The NC and PI'C programming interfaces use national or international standards, such as RS-274, DIN-66025, or IEC61-131-3. Communication interfaces are also strongly influenced by standards. Fieldbus systems such as SERCOS, P rib us or Device Net are used as interfaces for the drive and I/O. I, AN (Local Area Network) The network is mainly based on the interface between Ethernet and TCP/IP and the monitoring system. 2Internal interface: Used for the interaction between components and data exchange to form the core of the control system. In this respect, an important performance is support for real-time institutions. In order to obtain reconfigurable and white adaptive control, the internal structure of the control system is based on the concept of a platform. Since the details of the dedicated hardware cannot be known in the software component, the main goal is to establish a definable but flexible communication method between the software components. The application programming interface (API) guarantees these needs. The full functionality of the control system is divided into several packages. Modular software components interact with each other through defined APIs.
According to the 1999 American Robotics Industry Forum, the entire installed system of robots in the United States was 3-5 times the value of the robots itself. That is, if there is a market for lo billions of robots, it is equivalent to an additional value of US$ 2 to 4 billion. Of these, 25% are due to software integration reasons, and we believe that if we adopt open-architecture controllers to reduce them by 50% through standardized development and application; then after adopting open controllers, the potential value can be Save $250 to $500 million.
At present, there are three main forms of open CNC system architecture: 1 Based on the PC's CNC system, this system uses the PC as a platform to develop various functions of the CNC system, and transmits data via a servo card to control the movement of the axis motor. This type of system is sometimes referred to as Soft NC. Such a system is easy to open up in all directions. 2PC Embedded: The basic structure of this system is: CNC Ten PC motherboard, that is, inserting a CNC board into a traditional PC machine. The CNC mainly runs the real-time control based on the axis motion, or the CNC runs as a CNC function. The PC board serves as the user's human interface platform. 3PC CNC: At present, the mainstream NC system manufacturer believes that the most important performance of the NC system is reliability. For example, PC machine crashes are not allowed. The system function is still the first to pursue high-precision and high-speed processing. In addition, these manufacturers have long produced a large number of NC systems; changes in the architecture will have a negative impact on the maintenance services and reliability of their original systems. Therefore, the open structure is not used as the main product, and the original structure of the NC system is still mass produced. In order to increase the openness, manufacturers of mainstream NC systems often add a PC board without changing the basic structure of the original system. Providing a keyboard enables users to associate the PC with the CNC, which greatly improves the functionality of the human-machine interface. Such as the FANUC 150i/160i/180i/210j systems. Some manufacturers also call this device a fusion system. Because it works reliably and the interface is open, it is increasingly welcomed by machine tool manufacturers.
SMD size 1210,1608,2012, 3216, 3225, 4532, its corresponding thickness is only 1.2 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.2 mm, and 2.8 mm, making it an ultra-thin SMD common mode inductor.
Electrical characteristics have a high differential mode cutoff frequency, common mode noise attenuation in a wide range of frequencies, making it an ideal choice for suppressing noise on ultra-high-speed signal lines, such as Display Port, DVI, USB 3.x, and HDMI 2.0 . It is also suitable for high-speed differential signal lines, such as USB, IEEE1394, LVDS, and is compatible with USB Type-C specifications.Smd Common Mode Coil,Magnetic Core Inductor,Smd Inductor Coil,Electronic Components Inductor
Bingri Electronic Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. , https://www.bingriuvled.com