Gold ore vein development of many domestic type, can be summarized as: gold or gold-bearing quartz veins quartz veins type iron ore; pyrite containing altered granite type; gold ore sulphides quartz veins type; gold oxide ores British vein type and gold-containing tungsten- arsenic ore quartz vein type five. According to the characteristics of each type of ore, sorting is carried out by one or more comprehensive processes such as re-election, amalgamation , flotation, cyanide, thiourea, carbon slurry and resin adsorption, sometimes supplemented with water. Metallurgy, heat treatment, etc.
1. Re-election method
Re-election is one of the oldest and most common methods of gold selection. In the sand gold mine, the enterprise usually exists in the form of a single natural enterprise, the density is generally greater than 16t/m 3 , and the density difference with the gangue is large. Therefore, re-election is the most important, most effective and economical method for selecting the gold deposit. . However, in the pulse gold selection plant, re-election is rarely used alone, as part of the joint gold withdrawal process, generally in the grinding and grading circuit, using a jig or spiral chute to cooperate with the shaker to recover the solution in advance. The coarse-grained monomer gold is removed to facilitate subsequent flotation or cyanidation operations, and a qualified gold concentrate can be obtained. This method is more commonly used in small gold mines and local clusters of mining hills.
The main equipment for re-election is the various types of chutes, jigs and shakers. In addition to conventional re-election equipment , according to the production characteristics of China's gold mines, based on the digestion and absorption of foreign advanced equipment, China has developed new re-election equipment such as belt chute, Ross chute, round jig, sand gold centrifugal washing unit. Has achieved good results in gold production. Soft-faced chutes are also used to treat flotation or amalgam tailings to increase gold recovery.
Second, the amalgam method to withdraw gold
The amalgamation method can be divided into internal mixed mercury and external mixed mercury according to its production mode. In the gold mining, mercury is widely used to separate gold and heavy sand minerals. In the vein gold mine, amalgam is usually used as part of the combined process with flotation, re-election, cyanidation, etc., mainly for the recovery of coarse monomers. gold.
The internal amalgamation is carried out in a mercury amalgamation tank or a grinding machine, which can better control the pollution of mercury.
The main equipment for external amalgamation is a mercury-mixing plate, which consists of a bracket, a bed surface and a mercury plate. Mercury board material purple copper plates, silver plated copper, silver plate, silver-plated copper plate amalgamation best. In order to facilitate silver plating and easy replacement in production, the electrolytic copper plate is often cut into small pieces of 400-600 mm in width and 800-1200 mm in length, and after silver plating, the blocks are laid on the bed surface in the oblique direction of the bracket.
Third, the float washing method
Flotation is one way to deal with veins of gold ore the most widely used gold processing plant. In most cases, the flotation method is used to treat sulfide minerals containing gold ore with high floatability, the most significant effect. Because flotation can not only maximize the gold into the sulfide mineral concentrate, but also waste tailings, the cost of dressing is low. Flotation is also used to treat multi-metal gold ores, such as gold - copper, gold - lead, gold - antimony, gold - copper - lead - zinc - other minerals such as sulfur. For this type of ore, the flotation process can effectively select various gold-bearing sulfide concentrates, which is conducive to the comprehensive recovery of mineral resources. In addition, so-called "refractory ores" that cannot be directly treated by amalgamation or cyanidation are also required to be treated by a combined process including flotation. Of course, the flotation method also has limitations; for coarse-grained inlays, ores with a gold particle size greater than 0.2 mm, and for quartz-bearing gold-bearing ores without sulfides, it is difficult to obtain a stable flotation foam after slurrying, using flotation The law has difficulties.
In recent years, the flotation process of gold ore has made great progress, mainly in the innovation of process, the development of new agents, and the improvement of design. The use of stage grinding and stage selection process is the current development trend of flotation gold selection. Most foreign gold selection plants use two or even three sections, and the recovery rate of gold is increased by 2% to 6%.
Because the flotation method can only maximize the concentration of gold into various sulfide mineral concentrates, and can not finally obtain the finished gold, therefore, there are only a few gold selection plants using a single flotation process, generally the flotation is used as a joint. A process of the process is adopted. At present, China's gold selection plants using a single flotation process include gold mines such as Tunchang and Xiuyan, as well as small gold mines in some local groups.
Fourth, cyanide gold
Since the cyanidation method was applied to mines for gold and silver in 1887, it has been nearly a hundred years old and the process is relatively mature. Because of its high recovery rate and strong adaptability to ore, it can be used as a real estate gold, so it is still one of the main methods of gold production.
The cyanidation process can be divided into agitating cyanidation and diafiltration cyanidation. Stirring cyanidation for treatment of re-election, mercury-mixed tailings and flotation of gold-bearing concentrates, or for full mud cyanidation; and diafiltration cyanidation for treatment of flotation tailings and low grade gold Heap leaching of ore. The conventional cyanidation process is a very mature process, which includes preparation of leaching raw materials; stirring cyanide leaching; countercurrent washing solid-liquid separation; leaching liquid purification and deoxidation; zinc powder replacement and pickling; and smelting ingots and the like.
Five, cyanide carbon slurry method to withdraw gold
The carbon slurry process is a new process for recovering gold and silver after reform based on conventional cyanide leaching and zinc powder replacement. It is mainly composed of main operations such as preparation of leaching raw materials, stirring and leaching, countercurrent carbon adsorption, gold-loaded carbon desorption, electrowinning or deoxidizing zinc powder replacement, smelting ingots and regeneration of activated carbon.
Sixth, heap leaching method to withdraw gold
Heap leaching is the transfer of the mined ore to a pre-prepared yard to pile up, or directly on the piled waste rock or low-grade ore, using cyanide leaching solution for spraying or diafiltration to pass the solution through the ore. The percolation leaching effect is generated, the cyanide leaching solution is circulated several times, the heap is repeatedly sprayed, and then the leachate is collected, and then treated by activated carbon adsorption or metal zinc replacement. The gold grade of minerals treated by heap leaching in foreign countries is generally 1~3g/t, the recovery rate of gold is 50%-80%, and the recovery rate of silver is 30%~50%.
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