This year, due to Dong Mingzhu's strong support, the lithium titanate battery suddenly stood under the dazzling spotlight. From the past, it was not known to most people to the short-term "halo-added", lithium titanate battery can be described as "out of the limelight." However, people's different views on lithium titanate batteries have also caused a lot of controversy. The focus of the controversy is mainly on whether "lithium titanate batteries will become the mainstream of batteries in the future."
Wang Chuanfu, chairman of BYD, once said that although lithium titanate batteries have a certain market in some local areas, especially under extremely low temperatures, they are not as good as some people have said. They also need to “hard workâ€; Ningde Huang Shilin, president of the era, also told reporters that the energy density of lithium titanate batteries is relatively low and will not be too mainstream in the future.
In addition, other people with negative views said that the carbon anode fast-charge battery technology is developing rapidly, with high energy density and low cost, and will become the mainstream battery technology in the future. The lithium titanate battery has “no futureâ€.
Supporters of lithium titanate batteries said that no power battery is perfect. The word "mainstream" is just a hat that has been deducted by the times. It is not a standard for judging whether a company is good or bad. The market is a touchstone. "It may be worthwhile to give new technology some time and respect, and to speak with facts is the standard for testing things right or wrong."
So, what is the most controversial lithium titanate battery?
Know lithium titanate battery
According to the experts' interpretation, lithium titanate itself does not provide a lithium source, so it can only be used with lithium-containing electrode materials. When lithium titanate is used as the positive electrode, the negative electrode can only be metallic lithium or lithium alloy. At this time, the voltage of the battery is about 1.5V. Lithium titanate can be used as a negative electrode and a positive electrode material such as LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 to form a battery having a voltage of about 3V.
Although lithium titanate can be used both as a negative electrode and as a positive electrode, since the potential of Li+/Li is 1.5 V, research and application as a positive electrode material are not many. Therefore, the lithium titanate battery we usually say refers to a lithium or energy storage battery that uses lithium titanate as the negative electrode.
What are the advantages of lithium titanate batteries?
As a power battery, consumers are most concerned about the five key indicators of safety and stability, cycle life, temperature and temperature resistance, charging speed and energy density. Under the current technical conditions, only batteries with balanced performance indicators can adapt to a wider range of operating environments, and while ensuring user safety, reduce the cost of use and improve the efficiency of use, thus becoming the mainstream of the market. Compared with traditional lithium manganate batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium titanate batteries have obvious advantages in these respects.
1. Good safety and stability.
When the conventional carbon electrode is overcharged after lithium insertion, the surface of the electrode is liable to precipitate metallic lithium, and the reaction with the electrolyte reacts to generate a flammable gas, posing a safety hazard. The potential of lithium titanate is higher than that of pure metal lithium, it is not easy to generate lithium crystal branches, the discharge voltage is stable, and thus, the safety performance of the lithium battery is improved. A third-party organization has tested lithium titanate batteries and found that under severe tests such as acupuncture, extrusion, and short-circuit, there is no smoke, no fire, no explosion, and safety is much higher than other lithium batteries. Therefore, many people in the industry believe that lithium titanate is very suitable for use in military fields where battery stability is extremely high.
The safety and stability of electric vehicles is the most important indicator for consumers. No matter how long the cruising range is, if the safety problem cannot be solved, the consumer will only drive a car with an untimely bomb, and the ultra-safety performance of the lithium titanate battery. Undoubtedly will be favored by consumers.
2, fast charge performance is excellent.
Compared with the carbon negative electrode material, lithium titanate has a high lithium ion diffusion coefficient and can be charged and discharged at a high rate. While greatly reducing the charging time, the impact on the cycle life is small and the thermal stability is also strong. According to tests, the lithium titanate battery developed by the latest technology can be filled in about ten minutes, which is a qualitative leap than the traditional battery.
Too long charging time has always been an obstacle that is difficult to overcome in the development of electric vehicles. Generally, a slow-charged pure electric bus is used, and the charging time is at least 4 hours. The charging time of many pure electric passenger cars is up to 8 hours. The rapid charging of electric vehicles is a trend in the future, and consumers are not willing to waste too much time waiting for charging.
3. Long cycle life.
The battery cycle life determines the cost performance of the entire new energy vehicle , and is the main competitive point after the new energy vehicle is out of the subsidy policy. The prolonged cycle life of car batteries allows consumers to afford and afford them.
Other traditional lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate batteries, have a problem of greatly reduced capacity and shortened life during use, which not only affects the normal use of the user, but also increases the cost of battery replacement. This poor experience is likely to discourage consumers from EVs, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry. Lithium titanate batteries solve these problems well.
When lithium titanate battery is charged and discharged, lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation do not cause a change in the crystal structure of lithium titanate, and thus have little effect on the structure of the lithium titanate material. For this reason, lithium titanate is also known as "zero strain material." Lithium titanate battery is superior to the current lithium iron phosphate battery with “slow charge for up to 5 years and fast charge for up to 2 yearsâ€. According to the test data, the average battery cycle life is 3,000 times, and the lithium titanate battery can be fully charged and discharged up to 30,000 times. After 10 years as a power battery, it may be used as an energy storage battery. 20 years. This also means that the lithium titanate battery can achieve the same life cycle as the vehicle, and the user does not need to replace the battery in actual use, and the late cost is hardly increased.
4, good resistance to wide temperature.
The spinel structure of the lithium titanate battery has a three-dimensional lithium ion diffusion channel, so the lithium titanate battery is also excellent in high and low temperature performance. Generally, electric vehicles will have problems when charging and discharging at minus 10 ° C. The lithium titanate battery has good resistance to wide temperature and good durability, and can be normally charged and discharged at minus 50 ° C to zero at 60 ° C, whether it is in ice or not. Northland, still in the hot south, vehicles will not affect the work due to battery "shock", eliminating the worries of users.
These advantages of lithium titanate battery can greatly save the construction of the charging station site and staffing cost, etc. It is more suitable for the promotion and application in the bus field, and the bus system is the "main battlefield" for the promotion and application of new energy buses in China. Feedback from the bus market, which currently has the highest proportion of new energy vehicles, shows that the fast charging method is more suitable for the actual needs of the current bus market. It has been more than two years since the operation of a new energy bus using a lithium titanate battery in a bus company in Hebei Province. The experience of the relevant person in charge is: “A car can be fully charged in 6-10 minutes, and the driver can change the shift. The gap can be filled."
Lithium titanate battery
Lithium titanate batteries have obvious advantages, and their shortcomings are also obvious, such as relatively low energy density and weak endurance. It has been tested that the lithium titanate has a gram capacity of 160-170 mAh/g, which is only half of the conventional graphite negative electrode material, and has a lithium potential of 1.5 V, which greatly loses energy density.
Lithium battery charging and discharging are completed by lithium ion migration. Lithium batteries of different battery systems consume the same lithium element per ampere, so the higher the energy density of the battery system, the higher the utilization rate of lithium, and the lithium titanate battery. The energy density is less than half of that of lithium iron phosphate battery, and the utilization rate of lithium element is not half that of lithium iron phosphate battery, which not only causes serious waste of lithium resources, but also causes high material cost of lithium titanate battery. In addition, the cost of titanium is high, and problems such as the lithium titanate process are urgently needed to be solved. At present, the cost of the ternary-lithium titanate battery is about 2-3 times that of the ternary-graphite battery. The high cost limits the amount of lithium titanate battery when it is loaded. This is an objective shortcoming of the technical route.
Development status of lithium titanate battery
Despite the shortcomings of lithium titanate batteries, it has significant advantages in terms of safety performance, charge and discharge, and cycle life, pointing to the pain points of other types of power batteries on the market today. At present, domestic companies engaged in research and development of lithium titanate batteries include Yinlong and Weihong Power. With the increase in research and development of lithium titanate, some technical problems will be broken.
It is understood that Yinlong, which has mastered the core technology of lithium titanate, has developed a fourth-generation high-energy-density lithium titanate battery, which has a 40% reduction in cost and a 60% increase in energy density compared with the third generation. Yinlong also mastered the core technology of hydrogen and titanium research and development, which will effectively solve the problem of battery energy density. At present, Yinlong not only realizes the successful operation of its products in more than 30 cities in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Handan and Zhuhai. Successfully entered the US, Germany, France and other overseas markets. In 2015, Yinlong sold nearly 7,000 vehicles worldwide. It is understood that in the future, Yinlong will also solve the problem of short-lived mileage of new energy vehicles through the combination of lithium titanate batteries and fuel cells .
For many years, Micro-Power has been focusing on the research and development of core materials for lithium-ion power batteries, and the research and development of lithium titanate batteries is its main strategic direction. In 2011, Weihong Power invested in the first fast-charge bus line in China, achieving annual sales of 1.5 billion yuan by 2015. After years of research, Weihong Power selected a lithium titanate porous composite carbon that can withstand fast charging and high current and has a spinel structure as a negative electrode material. In 2013, the second generation fast-charge battery LpCO lithium battery was released in order to avoid fast. The high-power current is a threat to battery safety, combined with non-combustion electrolyte, high porosity and high permeability diaphragm technology and STL intelligent thermal fluid technology to improve the safety of charging. On June 9, 2016, at the award ceremony of the “Transformation Innovation Business Award†held by the Financial Times, Weihong Power won the “Low Carbon City Transformation Innovation Achievement Award†and the “Transformation Innovation Business Excellence Awardâ€. Became the only Chinese company selected for the ceremony.
Although the debate over lithium titanate batteries has not stopped, the controversy is not a bad thing. Let the different voices be fully expressed, and the truth will become more and more clear. Although the controversy over lithium titanate batteries will affect the market and consumers' confidence in lithium titanate batteries to some extent, it may affect investment decisions, but the five advantages of lithium titanate batteries, future lithium titanate The continuous breakthrough in battery technology, as well as the operating experience of companies such as Yinlong and Weihong Power in lithium titanate supporting vehicles, can judge that lithium titanate batteries in the future will become a "living force" for new energy vehicle battery technology.
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