Corn, one of the insect-resistant genetically modified crops, is the fastest commercial product in the world. It transforms Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes into maize to produce insect-resistant proteins for insect resistance purposes, and has a good target pest corn borer. Control effect. With more and more transgenic Bt maize planted on a global scale, its risk assessment of the environment and soil ecosystem has received extensive attention. The plant growth room can be cultivated during the research process and has a more direct effect on the observation.
Soil enzymes play a major role in the conversion of soil material and energy, and their activity can reflect the intensity and direction of various biochemical processes in the soil more sensitively; soil available nutrients are available soils for the growth and development of transgenic crops. The important sources of nitrogen and phosphorus can reflect the small changes in the soil before the full amount of soil nutrients change, and directly participate in the soil biochemical conversion process. Therefore, soil enzymes and soil available nutrients have become important indicators for evaluating soil nutrient balance and maintaining soil chemistry and biochemical fertility.
At present, the impact of trans-Bt corn insecticidal crystal protein through the decomposition of root exudates or litter into the soil, the impact on the cycling of nutrient elements in the ecosystem and the impact of soil enzyme activity has not been conclusive. In this study, a three-chamber root box device was used to investigate soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase activities in soils of different Bt corn and non-transgenic parent corns after 40, 50, and 60 days of planting, as well as nitrate and ammonium in soil. The changes of nitrogen and available phosphorus content are expected to provide basic data and data support for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic Bt maize.
Through the observation of plant growth room cultivation, Bt corn planting did not significantly affect the status of soil available nutrients and enzyme activity. However, the Bt maize and the parent corn were clustered together in different sampling periods. There was a certain difference between different growth days, indicating that the soil available nutrient and enzyme activity of Bt corn and parent corn were affected by the growth time to a certain extent. Compared with planting transgenic Bt rice, seasonal changes have a greater impact on soil microbial community and soil enzyme activity, so it is believed that the change of crop growth time in evaluating the impact of genetically modified crops on soil ecosystem may also have some interference.
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