The prevention and control of mine environmental problems mainly include: prevention and control of “three wastes†(waste water, waste gas, waste residue), mine land reclamation and ground subsidence (collapse) in goaf, mudslide, karst collapse and other disaster prevention and control.
Although China has achieved certain results in the prevention and control of mine environmental problems since 2000, there is still a big gap compared with some developed countries. Mainly in three aspects: First, the lack of processing capacity; second, the level of processing technology development is not high; third, the management system.
2. Mine environmental pollution
Dust generation
Dust is a solid particle suspended in the air, usually formed by various mechanical actions such as mineral processing, drilling, milling, transportation, and blasting. Powdered substances (such as soil particles) are flying by air and dispersed in the air, and are also the main source of atmospheric dust. Dust is a solid particle, and due to its formation mechanism, the particle size is generally large, in the range of about 1 to 10 microns.
3. Mine water pollution
Main source of mine wastewater
Mine water from the surface is mainly generated along underground mining permeate water, rock pore water, pit water, aquifer water drainage, and a dust-proof underground production, filling, water filling, processing plants and water cleaning plants of coal mine drainage is The main source. Usually, the pH of the mine water is between 7 and 8, which is weakly alkaline. However, sulfur-containing mine water has more SO42 bismuth and is mostly acidic water. In sulfur-bearing mines, sulfide minerals are contained in ore or surrounding rock and sulfur-bearing coal. These minerals are oxidized, decomposed and dissolved in the mine water to form acidic water. Especially in the mining roadway, under the large infiltration of groundwater and good ventilation conditions, it provides an extremely favorable environment for the oxidation and decomposition of sulfide minerals.
4. Countermeasures to prevent deterioration of mine environment
Natural environmental resources include material resources (mineral resources), environmental capacity resources (self-purification ability in nature), and comfortable resources (elegant environment, where people feel very comfortable), and we must take effective measures to protect these resources. To prevent the destruction of resources by mining development, and strive to be able to turn harm into profit and turn waste into treasure (1) At present, because China's economic technology is not developed enough, the cost of environmental governance is usually far greater than the cost of avoidance. Therefore, in areas with more natural disasters, such as areas with collapses, landslides, and mudslides, the principle of “prevention, avoidance, and prevention and control†should be adopted to ensure that the country and people's lives and property are less affected.
(2) For historical issues, we must manage government, local finance, and local taxation to prevent environmental degradation and take effective measures to restore the original environment. More important is to manage the current mining enterprises to prevent more serious pollution, damage and new problems.
(3) Really implement the new ecological environmental protection mechanism of “who develops, who protects; who benefits, who governs; who destroys and who recoversâ€. Develop mining without exceeding environmental capacity.
(4) Implement government responsibilities, strengthen supervision, and use environmental indicators as the annual assessment content of the enterprise as one of the important indicators for government performance evaluation.
(5) Strengthen scientific and technological research on mineral resources development, environmental protection and governance, and determine strategies for efficient use of resources and multi-level development.
(6) Strive to create an atmosphere of public opinion that is shameful to pollute the environment, thus realizing mutual supervision of people, people and government. Since people are not aware of the environmental pollution and destruction of the mines now, they have no longer realized the long-term harm of the development of the mining industry to the environment we live in. It is also necessary to improve the environmental awareness of citizens, and then promote mutual supervision between the government, enterprises and individuals, so as to achieve the coordination and development of resource development and environmental beautification.
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