In the first 11 months of 2013, China's auto production and sales totaled 98.993 million vehicles and 1986.01 million units, an increase of 14.34% and 13.53% year-on-year. This has also led to the demand for automobile raw materials for automobile production. The forecast data provided by China Iron and Steel Association shows that under the combined effects of automobile consumption growth and vehicle reduction, the total automobile consumption for automobiles will reach 62 million tons by 2015.
The automobile industry is the main steel consumption industry in China, and its consumption ranks behind the construction and machinery industries. The data shows that in 2011 China's automotive consumption of steel was 39 million tons, and in 2012 it was about 44 million tons, of which 75% was used for steel production.
At present, the light industry development trend of the auto industry is obvious, and the application of lightweight materials is very popular. Lightweight materials consist of two major categories: lightweight materials with low density, such as aluminum alloys , magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and carbon fiber reinforced plastics; and high-strength steels and advanced high-strength steels with good formability. Relevant experts pointed out that compared with other materials, high-strength steel is currently the most economically viable material for vehicle weight reduction. Steel will continue to be the most important raw material for China's autos for a long time and will be stable at a ratio of 60% to 70% for a long period of time.
Looking at the international automotive steel market, the proportion of high-strength steel used in the mainstream cars of developed countries is basically above 60%, with the highest reaching more than 80% and the highest intensity reaching 1500 MPa. The new emission reduction standard set by Europe is to reduce the weight by 25% based on the annual weight in 2010 by 2020. At the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the weight reduction goal of China’s autos is based on the annual weight in 2005, with a weight loss of around 20%. For this reason, by the end of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the average proportion of high-strength steel for automobiles in China will reach 30%, and the number of advanced high-strength steels exceeding 980 MPa will reach 500,000 tons or even higher.
In recent years, domestic large-scale steel companies have carried out R&D and production of high-strength automotive steels in an effort to increase profits through high-value-added products. At present, advanced high-strength automotive steel products such as dual-phase steels, multiphase steels, and phase change induced plasticity steels produced by domestic companies have been used in batches for domestic high-grade automobiles, among which 800 MPa grade cold-rolled and galvanized automotive sheets have been realized in batches. Supply, 1200 MPa, 1500 MPa level has the capacity of mass production, rewriting the history of the well-known brand of automotive steel relying on imports.
Baosteel is the largest manufacturer of automotive cold-rolled plates in China, particularly in the production of car panels. It has become one of the largest manufacturers of automotive panels in the world. Not long ago, Baosteel successfully rolled the world’s thinnest ultra-high-strength automotive steel with a thickness of only 0.5 mm, comparable to kraft paper, with a strength of 980 MPa. Since Shougang entered the production field of cold-rolled automotive panels in 2009, it has made rapid progress in research and development and production. At present, it has formed a production capacity of 1 million tons and achieved full coverage and batch supply of steel grades below 800MPa.
Although domestic steel companies have made encouraging progress in the automotive steel market, they still have shortcomings in high-end fields and transitions. Although the number of steel products required by the automotive industry can be basically guaranteed, the stability of high-end product quality is not high enough to fully meet the transformation and development needs of China's auto industry. The foreign car brand cars use the highest surface quality car panels, cold-rolled high-strength steel plates and galvanized high-strength plates, various gear steels and bearing steel parts also need to be imported. At the same time, China's auto steel production enterprises still have large gaps in terms of early intervention, joint product development, and after-sales service, and the ability to share profits and share risks with downstream users needs to be continuously improved. There are not many domestic production companies engaged in the early stage of research and development of automobile steel, product joint R&D, and establishment of information exchange platforms with auto plants. There is not enough research on the customization requirements for small batches of personalized products in the downstream industries, and it is difficult for products to meet the needs of users.
At present, both the automobile and steel industries are facing the opportunities and challenges of upgrading. It is necessary to build a good platform for industrial development and promote the coordinated development of technologies. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the construction of the platform should be promoted from three levels: First, from the national level, it is necessary to establish a corresponding technical innovation system for R&D and application of automotive steels, including national key laboratories and engineering technology research centers; From the industry level, through the establishment of a strategic alliance for automotive lightweight technology innovation to promote the joint research and development of the upstream and downstream; Third, from the enterprise level, we must continue to explore the correlation and complementarity of the upstream and downstream industries in the technological field, and strengthen the training of innovative talents in the enterprise. Strengthen enterprise technology exchanges.
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