The main users of the world antimony United States, Japan and Western Europe, which accounts for the total consumption of the world's total consumption (excluding China and CIS) of 70%.
Primary raw consumption can be divided antimony metallurgical additives, flame retardants and non-metallurgical purposes, basically from the reproducing application antimony batteries and other waste material recovered in the form of lead-antimony alloy. In terms of metallurgical applications, the supply of recycled cesium exceeds the supply of primary strontium, and almost all of the supply of flame retardants and other uses is used. In the United States, 54% of the primary bismuth is used for flame retardants, 26% is used for metallurgical additives, and non-metallurgical flame retardants account for 19%; on the contrary, in Japan, the amount of flame retardant is 80%, catalyst is 10%, and metallurgical dosage Only 10%.
Therefore, flame retardants are the largest field of application.锑 has a unique property, that is, it can achieve good flame retardant effect with halogens such as chlorine and bromine . These flame retardants are mainly used in plastics, and plastics containing antimony flame retardants are used in electronics, automotive and instrument manufacturing. And other industries. Antimony-containing flame retardants are also used in the rubber, fabric binder and paper industries. The main metallurgical use sector is the battery industry, but the amount of primary tantalum is small, and a large number of recycled tantalum-based alloys are used directly. In recent years, the amount of lead-bismuth alloy used in batteries has been reduced from 5% to 1% to 2.5%. People continue to reduce this content, and it is estimated that it will not be used.
The non-metallurgical flame retardant uses of the products are mainly advanced glass clearing agents, chemical catalysts, plastic stabilizers, passivators and high-tech fields. Used as a high-grade glass precipitant, sodium pyroantimonate and sodium metasilicate, which are the second largest after-whitening, have a total world consumption of more than 10,000 t∕a.
The cerium compound which can be used as a catalyst is an organic compound of various ceriums such as active cerium oxide, cerium acetate, cerium trichloride, cerium pentachloride, triphenyl sulfonium and ethylene glycol hydrazine. Polyester production is the largest field of catalyst application; antimony pentachloride is a fluorination catalyst produced by Freon, but with the promotion and application of fluorine-free refrigerants, the application of SbCl 5 is shrinking. Mercaptan is used as a heat stabilizer for transparent plastics and PVC instead of organotin . The United States, Japan and France have gradually adopted them, of which 60% have been reached in the United States. Third, the acid-dipropyl dithiophosphate is better antimony catalyst deactivators petroleum processing. The high-tech applications of germanium mainly refer to friction materials, lubricating materials, special glass additives, semiconductor materials, light guides, conductive fiber materials, antistatic materials, electronic ceramic materials, electromagnetic materials. The application of counterfeit products in these fields is in the research and development stage and has broad development prospects.
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