General Situation of Mine Geological Environment in Shandong Province

I. Overview of Shandong Mineral Resources

Shandong Province, located in the eastern coast of China, the Yellow River is China's mining province, the largest economy in the province, but it is also an important energy and gold production base. Shandong has a long history of mining. The mining industry plays an important and fundamental role in the national economic and social development of the province. The economic development has a large demand for mineral resources. At present, 95% of the province's disposable energy and 80% of raw materials rely on the development of mineral resources. provide. The existing mining area of ​​the province is 8049.76km2, with many types of mineral resources, large reserves, wide distribution and high degree of matching.

Shandong Province has a relatively complete range of mineral resources and a high degree of mineral development and utilization. Mining has become a major economic pillar industry in our province. By the end of 2002, the province had discovered 150 minerals, including 11 energy minerals, 45 metal minerals, 90 non-metallic minerals, and 4 water and gas minerals. Among the 150 minerals, 81 are minerals with proven reserves. There are 58 kinds of minerals with the top 10 reserves in the country, and 35 of the top 5 minerals, including gold, natural sulfur , gypsum , quartz sandstone for glass, gabbro for veneer, granite for veneer, The ceramsite clay and cement compounding clay are the first in the country; the diamond , magnesite , cobalt , antimony , diopside , and alkali limestone are the second in the country; oil , Graphite , potassium salt , bromine , sand for casting, marble for construction, loess for cementing, and carbon dioxide gas are the third largest in the country. 2000, the province's mining enterprises 9482, large-scale security 75, 157 medium-sized and small 9320; according to mine minerals mine 491 coal, iron ore 94 mines, gold mines 303.

Second, the mine environmental geological problems

Over the years, the development and utilization of mineral resources has made great contributions to the country, and it has also had a huge impact on the geological environment of the mine. It has produced a large number of environmental geological problems and geological disasters in the mines, which not only destroyed the ecological environment of the mining area, but also gave the country and The people’s lives and lives and property caused significant losses.

The environmental geological problems of ground cracks produced by coal mine goaf are divided into three categories: resource damage, geological disasters and environmental pollution. At present, the main mine environmental geological problems in our province are the collapse of sedimentation (sinking), the collapse of karst, the discharge of solid waste, and the pollution of soil and water by the discharge of wastewater and the destruction of ecological resources. Among them, the main disasters are Gravity and geological disasters caused by collapse of caving (sinking) subsidence, karst collapse, mine water inrush, meteorite and tailings reservoirs. Among the environmental geological problems of various minerals, the environmental geological problems in coal mines and gold mining areas are serious. The environmental geological problems of some state-owned large and medium-sized old mining areas have seriously plagued the normal production development of the mines. At present, the area of ​​mining subsidence (sink) in mines in our province is 403.01 km2, of which more than 800 coal mining collapses (sinks) have been formed, and the cumulative collapse (sink) subsidence area is 392.625 km2, of which the production area is greater than 50 km2. The average 10,000 tons of coal collapse (sink) subsidence rate is about 0.0037km2. There are 3 iron ore collapses, mainly distributed in the Laiwu iron ore district, and the cumulative collapse (sink) subsidence area is 2.673km2. The gold mine collapsed more than 160 places, and the cumulative collapse area was about 0.851km2. The cumulative collapse area of ​​the gypsum mine subsidence area is 1.774km2. The karst collapse caused by mineral development drainage is limited to three mining areas with a collapse area of ​​about 0.31 km2. Recently, the area of ​​coal mine collapse (sink) in our province has increased by an average of 20.4km2. According to the planned coal mining volume in 2005 and 2010, it is predicted that the collapse (sink) subsidence area in 2005 and 2010 will be 20.8km2 and 21.60km2. The mine water inrush accident involves 8 cities and towns. There are more than 600 water inrush accidents recorded in the data. Since 1990, there have been more than 80 mine water inrush accidents, 317 deaths and direct economic losses of about 663 million yuan. Among them, the coal mine is a flood-prone area with a sudden water inrush. The major water inrush accidents are caused by water inrush from the old water and the gray water. Shandong mine waste mainly includes three types: waste rock (soil), coal gangue and tailings.

There are 3,098 mine solid wastes in the province, including 2,672 waste rock piles, 424 coal gangue piles, 2 fly ash piles and 434 mine tailings ponds. The total annual output of mine solid waste in the province is 37.78 million tons. Among them, the annual output of waste rock (soil) is 20.657 million tons, the annual output of coal gangue is 15.7775 million tons, and the annual output of fly ash is 626,900 tons. The total amount of solid waste accumulated in the mine is 537,760,600 tons, including 33,464,500 tons of solid waste rock and 20,511,600 tons of coal gangue. The annual output of various types of tailings is 15.63 million tons, and the total accumulated amount of tailings is 15,962.58 million tons. Mine wastewater includes four types: mine drainage, ore dressing water, coal washing water, and heap leaching wastewater. The annual output of mine wastewater and waste liquid is 94,394,000 m3, and the total annual discharge is 50,702,280 m3. The discharge of wastewater in 2005 is forecast to be 486.7 million m3. The annual output of mine wastewater is mainly mine pit water and coal washing water. The water pollution component of mine pit is mainly SO42- and total hardness. The total annual emission of waste gas from the mining industry is 587.3 billion Nm3, of which 369,900 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions and 272,900 tons of dust emissions. The annual growth rate of exhaust emissions is 16.9%, and the estimated emissions in 2005 are 1,096.7 billion Nm3. The total area of ​​land acquisition in the province is 948.94 km2, mainly in cultivated land, wasteland and sand slope land. All kinds of mine open pits occupy 173.46km2 of land, the mine solid waste covers an area of ​​32.75km2, the tailings cover an area of ​​24.26km2, and the mining collapse (sinking) subsidence area covers an area of ​​165.45 km2.

Third, Shandong mine geological environment governance and recovery status

In recent years, with the development of the mining economy, the scale of development of mineral resources and the expansion of development intensity, the problem of mine ecological environment in Shandong Province has become more and more prominent. At present, the ecological environment protection and governance of mines are receiving more and more attention from the people's governments at all levels. The mines that have been ecologically controlled have achieved remarkable results, mainly in the following aspects: comprehensive management of geological environment in the mining area, protection of geological landscapes, and mining collapse ( Shen) land reclamation, waste water, waste residue recycling, mine groundwater prevention, slag, tailings hazard prevention and other aspects.

In recent years, the governments at all levels and the land and resources management departments of Shandong Province have conscientiously implemented the scientific development concept and insisted on the protection of the geological environment and geological heritage of the mine as an important task. They have been constantly working hard, perfecting the system, standardizing management, and achieving remarkable results. By the end of 2003, the province's funds for mine geological environment treatment exceeded 1 billion yuan, and the total collapsed land was 157km2, and the open-face mining damage area was 65.7km2. The total utilization of comprehensive solid wastes reached 229 million tons. The province has established 1 national geological heritage protection zone, 4 provincial geological heritage nature reserves, 3 national geological parks and 14 provincial geological parks. 276 geological and landscape protection areas approved by the municipal, county (city, district) government.

The Regulations on Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Province was reviewed and approved at the third meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth People's Congress of Shandong Province on July 25, 2003. The Regulations on Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Province was promulgated and implemented as the mine geology of Shandong Province. Environmental protection provides legal protection and is a guide for the operation of geological environmental protection in Shandong mines. The promulgation of the Regulations on Geological Environment Protection of Shandong Province has achieved zero breakthroughs in the geological environmental protection regulations of Shandong Province, ending the long-term situation that geological environmental protection work cannot be relied upon, and will certainly create a new situation in the work of mine geological environment protection in Shandong Province. .

Fourth, mine geological environment protection, recovery and governance assumptions

Continue to implement the basic national policy of “controlling population growth, protecting natural resources, and maintaining a good ecological environment”, adhere to the principle of “developing in protection and protecting in development”, and correctly handling “current and long-term, overall and local, and development”. Relationship with protection. Fully implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and technology, relying on scientific and technological progress and scientific management to make resource development and geological environmental protection enter a virtuous circle, realize the unification of social, economic, resource and ecological and environmental benefits and the strategy of sustainable development of mine economy aims.

Although the recovery and control of the mine geological environment in Shandong Province has achieved certain results, due to the late start and the lack of funds, the results of the treatment are not significant, and the work of mine ecological environmental protection has a long way to go. The mine development zone in our province is an area where engineering economic activities have a strong impact on the geological environment. It is necessary to adopt a policy of taking prevention as the mainstay and comprehensively managing. The mining model of rational development and utilization of mineral resources and coordinated development of mining area ecological environment, namely “green mining”, can protect and improve the quality of mine geological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out environmental protection and comprehensive treatment from exploration, design, mining to closed pits, so that the geological environmental protection work of the mine runs through the whole process of mineral resources development.