Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a new type of solid-state battery material, but before you unveil it, please imagine a classic Oreo yourself.
The traditional solid-state battery has a layer of electrode material on each end, like a loose crisp biscuits. Sandwiched between biscuits cream layer of cream, is the battery electrolyte. If you connect two crackers, the electrons can run in the cream layer and the entire battery goes into a charge-discharge state.
The new material, developed by the University of Maryland, can be used to make solid-state batteries and is characterized by both electrode and electrolyte properties. In other words, relying on a mixture of biscuits and creams can create a battery and complete the entire process of outputting and storing electricity.
The new material blends multiple elements and compounds including sulfur, germanium, phosphorus and lithium. At both ends of the mix, the researchers just applied "magic" a little - adding carbon, so the end magically converted to the electrode role. And carbon is just a catalyst that helps drive the flow of electrons, like adding sugar to the biscuit cream mix.
Monolithic battery cross section. Electrolytes, which appear green, form the basis of a monolithic cell. The top and bottom electrodes are made of carbon (grayed out) with the base material added with carbon.
The innovation of this battery technology is that it solves the problem of electrical resistance that gradually arises when the electrode and electrolyte interface react. Traditional solid-state batteries in charge and discharge, the long-term interaction between the two will produce a layer of useless materials. This useless material is like a wall, increasing the resistance of the solid electrolyte surface, the battery heat will rise with the passage of time, life expectancy will be significantly shortened. The new battery because it is all a material, so the current does not exist when there is too much resistance. This means that the battery charge and discharge process will be very smooth.
In addition, although there is no specific information on battery energy density, but a project staff revealed a few figures. He said the new technology has a cell thickness of 600 microns, about one-half the thickness of a coin. However, the film in the new battery is approximately 40 times thicker than the film in the conventional solid state battery as compared with the conventional solid state battery of the same thickness.
This means that the same volume of battery products, you can store more energy. If applied to the case of electric vehicles, a single battery can ensure the same level of life, to bring more spacious space design. In addition to this battery in the production process, the mixture can be compressed into plastic powder and iron drum package mode, not complicated. This feature facilitates the manufacture of different forms of battery products, the combination of multiple battery options, designers can flexibly place these batteries in the corner of the body.
This battery is still in the proof of concept stage, the relevant information is not rich. Project researchers are still constantly testing the number of battery charge and discharge to see if it can mass production. There are several other optimizations that can be made. Sulfide-based blends are not environmentally friendly, so future researchers will try to replace them with oxides so that the degradation does not produce sulfur-containing gases.
Of course, battery products, safety, stability and a series of parameters, will become a laboratory test hard indicators. The balance of material costs and energy density, it is from the laboratory to mass production of stepping stone.
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