SMEs are an important force in promoting economic growth and promoting employment. The Chinese government has always attached importance to and supported the development of SMEs. The central government has formulated and implemented a series of financial support and taxation policies for this purpose, which has played a positive role in promoting the development of SMEs.
One or six special funds to support the development of SMEs
(1) Technology-based SMEs Technological Innovation Fund. Established in 1999, it mainly adopts free funding, loan interest subsidy, capital investment, etc. to support technological innovation of SMEs, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and foster and support intermediary agencies that provide technology and technology-based SMEs with public technical services to guide entrepreneurship. Investment institutions invest in small and medium-sized SMEs that are in the initial stages. As of the end of 2007, the central government allocated a total of 7.65 billion yuan of funds and supported 11,000 projects (companies).
This fund mainly supports a large number of technological innovation projects with strong independent innovation, high technological content, good market prospects, independent intellectual property rights, ability to form core competitiveness, and socialization and professionalism for technological innovation activities of SMEs. Services for public technology service agencies. Through the statistical analysis of the projects that have already completed acceptance and the projects currently being implemented, the capability of independent innovation and industrialization of enterprises has been significantly improved. This not only gives full play to the guiding role of the central government, but also effectively promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Good economic and social benefits.
(2) SME international market development funds. Established in 2000, specializes in supporting SMEs to participate in overseas exhibitions; corporate management system certification; various product certifications; overseas patent applications; international market promotion; overseas advertising and trademark registration; overseas market inspections; overseas investment (meeting) Standards; corporate training, etc. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 5.88 billion yuan for the development of SMEs in the international market.
In recent years, SMEs’ ​​international market development funds have provided support to SMEs in six categories and 19 subcategories, including overseas exhibitions, certifications, overseas market promotion, emerging market development, training and seminars, and overseas investment. Not only has it grasped the key links for small and medium-sized enterprises to open up the international market, but also it has strong operability and has received positive comments from companies.
(3) Funds for the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements. Established in 2001, the scope of support covers pre-production, mid-production, and post-production fields in food crops, cash crops, animal husbandry and aquatic products, ecological water-saving fruits and vegetables, agricultural products processing, and agricultural equipment and information. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 2 billion yuan in agricultural science and technology achievements.
The use of transformation funds for agricultural scientific and technological achievements has achieved good results. It has supported a large number of agricultural science and technology projects with independent intellectual property rights, high technological level, industrialization prospects, and good growth; it has improved the company’s independent research and development capabilities and promoted agricultural scientific and technological achievements. The transformation has promoted the development of agricultural enterprises; it has stimulated local and social support for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and invested capital; it has enhanced agricultural competitiveness and increased farmers' income.
(4) Special grant funds for the SME service system. Established in 2003 to support SME service agencies in the development of services for SME development. From 2003 to 2007, the central budget allocated 50 million yuan each year. As of the end of 2007, a total of 250 million yuan had been allocated.
Since the establishment of the fund, the Central Government and other relevant departments have focused on the following tasks: First, training services, including entrepreneurship training, management of SMEs, training of professional and technical personnel, training of employees of SME service organizations, and direct management of SMEs by government agencies Staff training; Second, credit services, including the establishment of SME credit files, the implementation of credit collection and evaluation of SMEs and integrity activities; Third, entrepreneurial services, support for SME service agencies to provide entrepreneurship guidance, comprehensive services and other activities for the establishment of SMEs; It is a management consulting service, that is, management consulting, enterprise diagnosis, and information service for small and medium-sized enterprise service organizations to improve the management level of SMEs.
Main results: First, the overall quality of SMEs' technical backbones and management personnel has been improved, and the company’s core competitiveness has been enhanced. Second, SMEs’ ​​credit awareness and credit capacity have been improved, SME credit system development has been promoted, and 3 The entrepreneurial service work network centered on the comprehensive service organization of small and medium-sized enterprises and in close cooperation with professional service agencies to promote employment through entrepreneurship, and the fourth is to improve the management level of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve and perfect the service functions of China's SME information network. Supported the informationization of SMEs.
(5) Special funds for the development of SMEs. Established in 2004, it is mainly used to support the professional development of small and medium-sized enterprises, cooperation with large enterprises, technological progress, and the promotion of credit guarantee system for SMEs. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 950 million yuan in this special fund.
Special funds for the development of SMEs will focus on supporting SMEs in transforming development methods, accelerating structural adjustments, promoting the development and application of new energy-saving and emission-reducing products and new processes, and guiding SMEs to take the “professional, refined, special, and new†approach to encourage SMEs The credit guarantee agency provides loan guarantee services for SMEs, supports SMEs to participate in the China International SME Expo, and enhances the market competitiveness of SMEs. According to the tracking of supported enterprises (projects), special funds have played an important role in promoting SMEs’ ​​technological progress, restructuring, industrial upgrading, and information construction.
(6) Special subsidy funds for SMEs' platform service system. Established in 2004 to support the construction of public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises. Mainly include: purchase of advanced, common, applicable technological achievements of the industry; information collection expenditures; necessary equipment purchase expenditures; software development or purchase expenditures; expenditures necessary for the expansion of existing service areas to expand service scope. From 2004 to 2006, the central budget allocated 50 million yuan each year. In 2007, the central budget allocated 60 million yuan. As of the end of 2007, it has accumulated a total of 210 million yuan.
Main results: The first is to provide financing guarantees for SMEs and effectively alleviate the financing bottleneck in the development of SMEs. The second is to improve the quality of management and management of SME owners and enhance their core competitiveness. Third is to provide timely and effective legal rights protection services to SMEs and to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises. Fourth is to explore the new capital market financing. Ideas and new models have increased new channels for corporate financing. Fifth, they have promoted the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of SMEs and are able to better adapt to the strength and pace of national macro-control.
Since the beginning of this year, in accordance with the overall deployment of the State Council, to help solve the difficulties and problems faced by the development of SMEs, the central government has actively taken and improved policy measures to further increase support. This year, the central government has earmarked 3.51 billion yuan of SME special funds to support the healthy development of SMEs.
Second, tax policy for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises
In recent years, in order to reduce the tax burden on the development of SMEs, the central government has issued a series of preferential tax policies for SMEs.
(1) Income tax is levied at a reduced rate of 20% for small profit-making enterprises that meet the requirements.
(2) Increase the value-added tax and business tax threshold from 2002 onwards. Firstly, the value-added tax threshold for sales of goods will be raised from monthly sales of 600-2000 yuan to 2000-5000 yuan; the value-added tax threshold for sales taxable services will be increased from monthly sales of 200-800 yuan to 1500 yuan. - RMB 3,000; the rate of VAT threshold for tax-paying will be increased from 50-80 yuan for each (sun) sales to 150-200 yuan for each (daily). The second is to raise the tax threshold for scheduled tax payment from monthly sales of 200-800 yuan to 1,000-5000 yuan; the tax-paying tax threshold will be increased from 50 yuan per (daily) turnover to each ( Day) The turnover is 100 yuan.
(3) In order to encourage venture capital investment enterprises to invest in small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises, the new enterprise income tax law stipulates that when a venture capital investment company invests in an unlisted medium and small-sized high-tech enterprise with equity investment for more than two years, it may use 70% of its investment amount. The amount of taxable income of the venture capital investment enterprise shall be deducted from the year in which the equity is held for 2 years; if the amount is less than the deduction, it may be deducted in the subsequent taxable year.
(4) Donations to the technology innovation fund for science and technology SMEs by social forces from enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individuals through public welfare social organizations and state agencies to the Technology Innovation Fund Management Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology The portion of the annual enterprise income taxable income within 12% of the taxable income, and the individual is within 30% of the taxable income amount of the individual income tax is allowed to be deducted before the income tax is calculated and paid.
(5) Small-scale business entities with processing nature in trade enterprises, service-oriented enterprises (other than advertising, housing agencies, pawn shops, saunas, massages, and oxygen bars), processing-oriented enterprises in labor employment service enterprises, and street communities; In the increase of posts, new requisitioners who hold the “Reemployment Concession Permit†in the current year, and signed a labor contract with a term of more than one year and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law, shall be deducted in accordance with the actual number of enrolled persons in the order of business tax and city maintenance and construction tax. , education surcharges and corporate income tax benefits. The quota standard is 4,000 yuan per person per year, and the people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government can determine the specific quota standards based on the actual conditions in the region and move up and down 20%.
In addition, the Central Government has introduced and implemented a project that imposes a corporate income tax rate on the hi-tech industry that requires priority support from the state at a reduced rate of 15%, and invests in projects that meet the encouragement category list in the “Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment†for enterprises, which cannot be produced in domestic imports. Equipment, policies and measures that are exempted from tariffs and import value-added tax within the prescribed scope, are in great need of production, and are in short supply of domestically-required raw materials and components, significantly reduce import tariff rates, and increase the export tax rebate rate for some textiles and garments, are also effectively implemented. Supported the development of SMEs.
Third, support to improve the SME financing guarantee system
Since 2006, the central government has allocated special funds for the development of special funds for small and medium-sized enterprises to support the development of credit guarantee services for SMEs, and gradually established a compensation mechanism for loan guarantee losses for SMEs. First, the SME credit guarantee business carried out by the guarantee agencies will be rewarded with a loan guarantee total of no more than 1%. It encourages them to provide guarantee services around SMEs, and strives to expand the scale of SMEs' access to loans; second is the guarantee fee rate. For businesses that are lower than the benchmark interest rate of 30% for the same period of the bank's loans, premium subsidies are provided at a ratio of no more than 0.5% of the relevant guarantee business, and efforts are made to reduce the financing costs of SMEs. From 2006 to 2007, the Central Government allocated a total of 238 million yuan to support 266 guarantee agencies. In 2008, the central budget allocated 200 million yuan. In addition, non-profit-making SME credit guarantee and re-guarantee institutions that have been included in the scope of national pilots are exempt from business tax within 3 years of their income from guarantee business.
The fiscal and taxation policies have played an active guiding role in the development of the guarantee industry, strengthened the anti-risk ability of the guarantee institutions, effectively stimulated the sponsors' enthusiasm for providing secured loans for SMEs, and promoted the normative development of the guarantee industry. The total amount of SME guarantee business carried out in 2006 was approximately 70 billion yuan, accounting for 22% of the total guarantee business of the country's guarantee agencies. In 2007, the central government allocated 188 million yuan to support 188 guarantee agencies, accounting for approximately 5% of the total number of guarantee agencies in the country.
At the same time, the credibility of small and medium-sized enterprises has been increased, and the scale of credit provided by financial institutions to small and medium-sized enterprises has also been expanded, which has played a positive role in alleviating the difficulties of financing and security of SMEs.
The central government’s policy measures to promote employment and reemployment have also promoted the development of labor-intensive small businesses. Since 2002, China has implemented a small-guaranteed loan policy for laid-off and unemployed people, provided guarantees and discounts from the central government through the local establishment of a guarantee fund, and supported the encouragement of banks to provide qualified laid-off workers and labor-intensive small enterprises that absorb laid-off workers. loan. In 2006, the micro-loan guarantee policy was further improved. If a labor-intensive small enterprise absorbs more than 30% of the in-service employees who meet the conditions of the micro-guaranteed loan, it may apply for a discounted loan amount of 1 million yuan. As of the end of 2007, the balance of micro-guaranteed loans nationwide was 9.852 billion yuan, and the central government allocated a total of 1.163 billion yuan of discounted funds for small secured loans. In 2008, the quota for discounted loans for labor-intensive small enterprises was expanded to 2 million yuan. At the same time, loan incentives and risk compensation mechanisms were established to further give play to the effects of small secured loan policies.
One or six special funds to support the development of SMEs
(1) Technology-based SMEs Technological Innovation Fund. Established in 1999, it mainly adopts free funding, loan interest subsidy, capital investment, etc. to support technological innovation of SMEs, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and foster and support intermediary agencies that provide technology and technology-based SMEs with public technical services to guide entrepreneurship. Investment institutions invest in small and medium-sized SMEs that are in the initial stages. As of the end of 2007, the central government allocated a total of 7.65 billion yuan of funds and supported 11,000 projects (companies).
This fund mainly supports a large number of technological innovation projects with strong independent innovation, high technological content, good market prospects, independent intellectual property rights, ability to form core competitiveness, and socialization and professionalism for technological innovation activities of SMEs. Services for public technology service agencies. Through the statistical analysis of the projects that have already completed acceptance and the projects currently being implemented, the capability of independent innovation and industrialization of enterprises has been significantly improved. This not only gives full play to the guiding role of the central government, but also effectively promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Good economic and social benefits.
(2) SME international market development funds. Established in 2000, specializes in supporting SMEs to participate in overseas exhibitions; corporate management system certification; various product certifications; overseas patent applications; international market promotion; overseas advertising and trademark registration; overseas market inspections; overseas investment (meeting) Standards; corporate training, etc. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 5.88 billion yuan for the development of SMEs in the international market.
In recent years, SMEs’ ​​international market development funds have provided support to SMEs in six categories and 19 subcategories, including overseas exhibitions, certifications, overseas market promotion, emerging market development, training and seminars, and overseas investment. Not only has it grasped the key links for small and medium-sized enterprises to open up the international market, but also it has strong operability and has received positive comments from companies.
(3) Funds for the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements. Established in 2001, the scope of support covers pre-production, mid-production, and post-production fields in food crops, cash crops, animal husbandry and aquatic products, ecological water-saving fruits and vegetables, agricultural products processing, and agricultural equipment and information. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 2 billion yuan in agricultural science and technology achievements.
The use of transformation funds for agricultural scientific and technological achievements has achieved good results. It has supported a large number of agricultural science and technology projects with independent intellectual property rights, high technological level, industrialization prospects, and good growth; it has improved the company’s independent research and development capabilities and promoted agricultural scientific and technological achievements. The transformation has promoted the development of agricultural enterprises; it has stimulated local and social support for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and invested capital; it has enhanced agricultural competitiveness and increased farmers' income.
(4) Special grant funds for the SME service system. Established in 2003 to support SME service agencies in the development of services for SME development. From 2003 to 2007, the central budget allocated 50 million yuan each year. As of the end of 2007, a total of 250 million yuan had been allocated.
Since the establishment of the fund, the Central Government and other relevant departments have focused on the following tasks: First, training services, including entrepreneurship training, management of SMEs, training of professional and technical personnel, training of employees of SME service organizations, and direct management of SMEs by government agencies Staff training; Second, credit services, including the establishment of SME credit files, the implementation of credit collection and evaluation of SMEs and integrity activities; Third, entrepreneurial services, support for SME service agencies to provide entrepreneurship guidance, comprehensive services and other activities for the establishment of SMEs; It is a management consulting service, that is, management consulting, enterprise diagnosis, and information service for small and medium-sized enterprise service organizations to improve the management level of SMEs.
Main results: First, the overall quality of SMEs' technical backbones and management personnel has been improved, and the company’s core competitiveness has been enhanced. Second, SMEs’ ​​credit awareness and credit capacity have been improved, SME credit system development has been promoted, and 3 The entrepreneurial service work network centered on the comprehensive service organization of small and medium-sized enterprises and in close cooperation with professional service agencies to promote employment through entrepreneurship, and the fourth is to improve the management level of small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve and perfect the service functions of China's SME information network. Supported the informationization of SMEs.
(5) Special funds for the development of SMEs. Established in 2004, it is mainly used to support the professional development of small and medium-sized enterprises, cooperation with large enterprises, technological progress, and the promotion of credit guarantee system for SMEs. As of the end of 2007, the central government has allocated a total of 950 million yuan in this special fund.
Special funds for the development of SMEs will focus on supporting SMEs in transforming development methods, accelerating structural adjustments, promoting the development and application of new energy-saving and emission-reducing products and new processes, and guiding SMEs to take the “professional, refined, special, and new†approach to encourage SMEs The credit guarantee agency provides loan guarantee services for SMEs, supports SMEs to participate in the China International SME Expo, and enhances the market competitiveness of SMEs. According to the tracking of supported enterprises (projects), special funds have played an important role in promoting SMEs’ ​​technological progress, restructuring, industrial upgrading, and information construction.
(6) Special subsidy funds for SMEs' platform service system. Established in 2004 to support the construction of public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises. Mainly include: purchase of advanced, common, applicable technological achievements of the industry; information collection expenditures; necessary equipment purchase expenditures; software development or purchase expenditures; expenditures necessary for the expansion of existing service areas to expand service scope. From 2004 to 2006, the central budget allocated 50 million yuan each year. In 2007, the central budget allocated 60 million yuan. As of the end of 2007, it has accumulated a total of 210 million yuan.
Main results: The first is to provide financing guarantees for SMEs and effectively alleviate the financing bottleneck in the development of SMEs. The second is to improve the quality of management and management of SME owners and enhance their core competitiveness. Third is to provide timely and effective legal rights protection services to SMEs and to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises. Fourth is to explore the new capital market financing. Ideas and new models have increased new channels for corporate financing. Fifth, they have promoted the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of SMEs and are able to better adapt to the strength and pace of national macro-control.
Since the beginning of this year, in accordance with the overall deployment of the State Council, to help solve the difficulties and problems faced by the development of SMEs, the central government has actively taken and improved policy measures to further increase support. This year, the central government has earmarked 3.51 billion yuan of SME special funds to support the healthy development of SMEs.
Second, tax policy for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises
In recent years, in order to reduce the tax burden on the development of SMEs, the central government has issued a series of preferential tax policies for SMEs.
(1) Income tax is levied at a reduced rate of 20% for small profit-making enterprises that meet the requirements.
(2) Increase the value-added tax and business tax threshold from 2002 onwards. Firstly, the value-added tax threshold for sales of goods will be raised from monthly sales of 600-2000 yuan to 2000-5000 yuan; the value-added tax threshold for sales taxable services will be increased from monthly sales of 200-800 yuan to 1500 yuan. - RMB 3,000; the rate of VAT threshold for tax-paying will be increased from 50-80 yuan for each (sun) sales to 150-200 yuan for each (daily). The second is to raise the tax threshold for scheduled tax payment from monthly sales of 200-800 yuan to 1,000-5000 yuan; the tax-paying tax threshold will be increased from 50 yuan per (daily) turnover to each ( Day) The turnover is 100 yuan.
(3) In order to encourage venture capital investment enterprises to invest in small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises, the new enterprise income tax law stipulates that when a venture capital investment company invests in an unlisted medium and small-sized high-tech enterprise with equity investment for more than two years, it may use 70% of its investment amount. The amount of taxable income of the venture capital investment enterprise shall be deducted from the year in which the equity is held for 2 years; if the amount is less than the deduction, it may be deducted in the subsequent taxable year.
(4) Donations to the technology innovation fund for science and technology SMEs by social forces from enterprises, institutions, social organizations and individuals through public welfare social organizations and state agencies to the Technology Innovation Fund Management Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology The portion of the annual enterprise income taxable income within 12% of the taxable income, and the individual is within 30% of the taxable income amount of the individual income tax is allowed to be deducted before the income tax is calculated and paid.
(5) Small-scale business entities with processing nature in trade enterprises, service-oriented enterprises (other than advertising, housing agencies, pawn shops, saunas, massages, and oxygen bars), processing-oriented enterprises in labor employment service enterprises, and street communities; In the increase of posts, new requisitioners who hold the “Reemployment Concession Permit†in the current year, and signed a labor contract with a term of more than one year and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law, shall be deducted in accordance with the actual number of enrolled persons in the order of business tax and city maintenance and construction tax. , education surcharges and corporate income tax benefits. The quota standard is 4,000 yuan per person per year, and the people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government can determine the specific quota standards based on the actual conditions in the region and move up and down 20%.
In addition, the Central Government has introduced and implemented a project that imposes a corporate income tax rate on the hi-tech industry that requires priority support from the state at a reduced rate of 15%, and invests in projects that meet the encouragement category list in the “Guidance Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment†for enterprises, which cannot be produced in domestic imports. Equipment, policies and measures that are exempted from tariffs and import value-added tax within the prescribed scope, are in great need of production, and are in short supply of domestically-required raw materials and components, significantly reduce import tariff rates, and increase the export tax rebate rate for some textiles and garments, are also effectively implemented. Supported the development of SMEs.
Third, support to improve the SME financing guarantee system
Since 2006, the central government has allocated special funds for the development of special funds for small and medium-sized enterprises to support the development of credit guarantee services for SMEs, and gradually established a compensation mechanism for loan guarantee losses for SMEs. First, the SME credit guarantee business carried out by the guarantee agencies will be rewarded with a loan guarantee total of no more than 1%. It encourages them to provide guarantee services around SMEs, and strives to expand the scale of SMEs' access to loans; second is the guarantee fee rate. For businesses that are lower than the benchmark interest rate of 30% for the same period of the bank's loans, premium subsidies are provided at a ratio of no more than 0.5% of the relevant guarantee business, and efforts are made to reduce the financing costs of SMEs. From 2006 to 2007, the Central Government allocated a total of 238 million yuan to support 266 guarantee agencies. In 2008, the central budget allocated 200 million yuan. In addition, non-profit-making SME credit guarantee and re-guarantee institutions that have been included in the scope of national pilots are exempt from business tax within 3 years of their income from guarantee business.
The fiscal and taxation policies have played an active guiding role in the development of the guarantee industry, strengthened the anti-risk ability of the guarantee institutions, effectively stimulated the sponsors' enthusiasm for providing secured loans for SMEs, and promoted the normative development of the guarantee industry. The total amount of SME guarantee business carried out in 2006 was approximately 70 billion yuan, accounting for 22% of the total guarantee business of the country's guarantee agencies. In 2007, the central government allocated 188 million yuan to support 188 guarantee agencies, accounting for approximately 5% of the total number of guarantee agencies in the country.
At the same time, the credibility of small and medium-sized enterprises has been increased, and the scale of credit provided by financial institutions to small and medium-sized enterprises has also been expanded, which has played a positive role in alleviating the difficulties of financing and security of SMEs.
The central government’s policy measures to promote employment and reemployment have also promoted the development of labor-intensive small businesses. Since 2002, China has implemented a small-guaranteed loan policy for laid-off and unemployed people, provided guarantees and discounts from the central government through the local establishment of a guarantee fund, and supported the encouragement of banks to provide qualified laid-off workers and labor-intensive small enterprises that absorb laid-off workers. loan. In 2006, the micro-loan guarantee policy was further improved. If a labor-intensive small enterprise absorbs more than 30% of the in-service employees who meet the conditions of the micro-guaranteed loan, it may apply for a discounted loan amount of 1 million yuan. As of the end of 2007, the balance of micro-guaranteed loans nationwide was 9.852 billion yuan, and the central government allocated a total of 1.163 billion yuan of discounted funds for small secured loans. In 2008, the quota for discounted loans for labor-intensive small enterprises was expanded to 2 million yuan. At the same time, loan incentives and risk compensation mechanisms were established to further give play to the effects of small secured loan policies.
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